Ozone Formation - Reactivity Emission Factors of Light Duty Vehicles Using Gasoline and Ethanol

Melo, Tadeu Cavalcante Cordeiro de; Vicentini, Pedro Caffaro; Loureiro, Luciana Neves; Santos, Ednardo Moreira; Almeida, José Claudino

doi:10.4271/2014-36-0252

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The samples were analyzed abroad since there was no laboratory able to do this in Brazil. The HC specific reativity of gases found by Melo et al [5] was very different than the one determined by Graner et al [6] and it was noticed that there was no direct correlation between the HC species in exhaust gas and fuel composition. Both studies presented unexpected content of aromatics hydrocarbons in the exhaust (22% to 55%) when using hydrous ethanol.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Emission values, in units of g km -1 , are shown in Table 2 for HC in the interval C 4 -C 12 . Previous results obtained by Melo et al [5] indicated that C 2 -C 3 HC represent approximately 21% of the total C 2 -C 12 HC. Considering this value, a total emission factor was estimated and is also reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Gasoline Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The sample in the bag was transferred using a Teflon tube (connections 1 and 2) and a three-way valve (3). The system was previously purged using valve (4) and a small electrically powered pump (5).…”

Section: Hydrocarbons Analysis (C 4 -C 12 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today flex-fuel represents more than 90% of the light duty vehicle sales in Brazil, but there were only two published studies regarding tail pipe HC speciation of national vehicles and fuels. These tests were performed by Melo et al [5] using a L3 vehicle and by Graner et al [6] with a L5 model both running with gasoline (E22) and hydrous ethanol (E100). The samples were analyzed abroad since there was no laboratory able to do this in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of oxygenated species, such as ethanol and carbonyl compounds (CC) should also be considered in the calculation of the Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) mass and in the OFP calculation. However, the determination of oxygenated compounds will not be discussed in this work, since experimental methods for these compounds are well stablished and discussed in previous works [5]. Since the method used in this study is not adequate to determine HC (C 2 -C 3 ), relative concentrations obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in gasoline tests to estimate the MIR and OFP values for total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Speciated hydrocarbon analysis in exhaust emissions of flex fuel vehicles

Arbilla¹,

Silva²,

Siciliano³

et al. 2019

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In urban environments, vehicle emissions are the main source of hydrocarbons (HC) which contribute to formation of tropospheric ozone. Since individual HC exhibit a wide range of ozone formation reactivity, speciated analyzes are necessary to assess the overall impact of vehicle exhaust emissions. Flex-fuel represents more than 90% of the light duty vehicle sales in Brazil. In this project, sampling and analytical methods were implemented and optimized for determination of speciated HC (C 4 -C 12 ). Three flex-fuel vehicles (PROCONVE L4, L5 and L6) were tested, with both gasoline (E22) and ethanol (E100). Vehicle exhaust samples were obtained during emissions testing with FTP75 drive cycle (according to ABNT/NBR 6601) for each of the three phases: cold start, stabilized and hot start. The exhaust was collected in Tedlar bags and transferred to electropolished stainless steel canisters. HC were analyzed using thermal desorption and gas chromatography with a mass spectrometry detector. The analytical procedure was based on Method TO-15 (US EPA). Quantification was performed using a standard reference mixture that covered the entire concentration range of the samples. Using gasoline, E22, experimental emission values for phase 1 were 0.037, 0.017 and 0.019 g HC (C 4 -C 12 ) km -1 for PROCONVE L4, L5 and L6 vehicles, respectively. Average MIR values (specific reactivity) for exhaust phase 1 were 3.04, 3.03 and 2.27, respectively, for PROCONVE L4, L5 and L6 vehicles. Weighted Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) and Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) values, for C 4 -C 12 fraction, were approximately in the intervals 2.00-2.76 and 0.013-0.099, respectively. Aromatic organic compounds in the exhaust of ethanol tests were < 1 ppmC for all phases and vehicles. Results suggest that these compounds are not due to the combustion of ethanol and their contribution for total HC (C 4 -C 12 ) reactivity was considered negligible. A new method will be implemented in future tests to determine the low HC fraction (C 2 and C 3 ) by chromatography. Speciated HC emission data may be useful for technical discussions about the ozone formation potential using Brazilian fuels.

show abstract

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Gasoline Testsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Hydrocarbons Analysis (C 4 -C 12 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations