“…They have exactly the same angular distribution as the directors of the liquid crystal layer of the dark state and their extraordinary, ordinary refractive indices are the same as the ordinary, extraordinary indices of the liquid crystal, respectively. This is in accordance with Mori's argument 4,5 that the effect of each layer of a positive birefringence material in a liquid crystal device can be optically compensated by a layer of negative birefringence materials with the same optic axis orientation. Other methods, for example, using positive O plates 6,7 or biaxial material 8 can be used for optical compensation of the dark state.…”