P-glycoprotein expression and function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: a case-control study

Clinical Applications of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging Using (R)-[11C]-Verapamil with Cyclosporin A: Preliminary Results on a Surrogate Marker of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

“…17 In our study, AIs of the left TLE group were more positive than those in healthy controls, suggesting an overexpression of Pgp in the left temporal lobe and a low uptake of (R)-[ 11 C]-verapamil. The AIs of the right TLE were also more negative than those in healthy controls.…”

Pharmacotherapy in pediatric epilepsy: rational drug and dose selection

“…A higher baseline PgP activity was observed in pharmacoresistant patients compared to seizure free patients in the bilateral hippocampus, ipsilateral amygdala, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus; seizure frequency was directly proportional to its hippocampal activity. The increased activity of PgP on these regions could explain its role as efflux transporter of AEDs, leading to reduced susceptibility to therapy [10]. Studies on polymorphisms of ABCB1 gene revealed a great influence of genetic variability in AED pharmacokinetics, the presence of C 34C35 > T polymorphism was revealed in various ethnicities and was considered important not only for Asian population but also for Caucasian [11].…”

Molecular Imaging of Membrane Transporters’ Activity in Cancer: a Picture is Worth a Thousand Tubes

“…11 C]-verapamil (29,36,69,70) and its (R)-enantiomer (39,(71)(72)(73) and the radiolabeled loperamide metabolite, [ 11 C]-dLop (48,74). In addition to these compounds, cytotoxic drugs, such as daunorubicin (43) and paclitaxel (75), have been radiolabelled and evaluated in various tumor models in rodents (Table III).…”