P060 Childhood uveitis: epidemiological, clinical and etiological profile, about 52 cases

Abstract

Background Childhood uveitis is a rare, often serious condition, and accounts for 2% to13% of all uveitis. It is characterized by an asymptomatic onset delaying the diagnosis and exposing a high risk of complications. The etiological profile of childhood uveitis seems to be different from that of adults. The objective of our work is to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, etiological, therapeutic and disease course characteristics of pediatric uveitis. Method This retrospective study, carried out in a tertiary care center, involved a number of 87 eyes in 52 children under the age of 16, collected over a period extending between January 2015 and September 2019 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results The patients mean age was 8.15 years with a sex ratio of 1.47 and a mean consultation delay of 6.7 months. Uveitis was bilateral in 67.3% of cases. Pan-uveitis predominated, followed by intermediate, anterior and posterior uveitis in 50%, 21%, 17% and 12% of cases, respectively. Uveitis was idiopathic in 67.3% of cases. Inflammatory uveitis was the most frequent aetiology with 5 cases of Behçet's disease, 2 cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 2 cases of TINU syndrome. Ophthalmologic complications were dominated by iridocrystalline synechiae in 13.5%, retinal detachment in 10.4%, cataract in 5.4% and macular oedema in 2.7%. Corticosteroid therapy was administered to all children, combined with immunosuppressive therapy in 48% of cases (azathioprine, methotrexate). The use of anti-TNF alpha was justified in 11 patients. The disease course was marked by complete remission in 11 children and partial remission in 15 patients, 26 children presented relapses of their uveitis with satisfactory final visual acuity in 73% of cases. Conclusion Our results show the predominance of panuveitis, probably due to diagnostic delay. Idiopathic uveitis, as described in the literature, and inflammatory causes of Behçet's disease are at the top of the list of etiologies. Pediatric uveitis is a particular entity, which requires regular monitoring by a team of experts in order to avoid eye complications and amblyopia in the youngest.