P2P, CSC and TE: A Survey on Hardware, Software and Data

Abstract

Peer-to-Peer (P2P), Transactive Energy (TE) and Community Self-Consumption (CSC) are exciting energy generation and use models, offering several opportunities for prosumers, micro-grids and services to the grid; however, they require numerous components to function efficiently. Various hardware devices are required to transmit data and control the generation and consumption equipment, whereas software is needed to use the gathered information to monitor and manage the hardware and energy trading. Data can be gathered from a variety of origins from within the grid and external sources; however, these data must be well-structured and consistent to be useful. This paper sets out to gather information regarding the hardware, software and data from the several archetypes available, focusing on existing projects and trials in these areas to see what the most-common hardware, software and data components are. The result presents a concise overview of the hardware, software and data-related topics and structures within the P2P, TE and CSC energy generation and use models.

Valuing the value: An affordances perspective on new models in the electricity market

“…In the literature increasing attention can be detected that focuses on various (emerging) market models that define themselves as being P2P, CSC, TE, or a combination of them. 3 In particular, attention has been given from the electricity grid structure [45], to legal [46], to hardware, software and data [47], to security and privacy [48], and to market structures [19]. A common element between the models is encouraging and incentivising prosumers to have a more active role in electricity markets.…”

Emerging Business Models in Local Energy Markets: A Systematic Review of Peer-To-Peer, Community Self-Consumption, and Transactive Energy Models

“…Adams et al [42] critically reviewing the social and economic value that these models provide while Capper et al [43] review the archetypal market designs with underlying auction mechanisms. Dudjak et al [44] provide a state-of-the-art review on system aspects that analyzes the impact of LEM integration on power systems, and O'Regan et al [45] describe the technology implications on the technology layer concerning hardware, software, and data requirements. Finally, De Almeida et al [46] outline the descriptive and normative legal aspects of LEM implementations in Europe and frame the regulatory challenges that lie ahead.…”

Energy Transition X Energy Inclusion: A Community Energy Concept for Developing Countries

“…So, the gap between generation, distribution and consumption would ideally be covered by a storage infrastructure [45] with Lithium-ion batteries as the most common electrochemical storage option [46]. However, the local storage poses a difficult challenge: the high costs of implementation and this would demand subsidy policies and/or a business model (e.g., better surplus trade margins and proper renewable energy tax scheme) that would make it viable for individuals and the private sector to participate in such projects.…”