p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors

Gal, Anthony A.; Sheppard, Mary N.; Nolen, John David L.; Cohen, Cynthia

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800009

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This tumor has been regarded as benign in general, but a few cases with lymph node metastasis have been reported which required extensive surgical removal [Table 1]. In addition to the rarity of the tumor, the present case suggests the malignant potency of the tumor despite lack of bcl-2 and p53 expression, which has been known as a marker for malignancy of neuroendocrine tumors [2-5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Furthermore, there was a study suggesting approximately 5% of gangliocytic paraganglioma demonstrate malignant behavior [10], an importance of imaging examinations before an operation should be emphasize to determine the most suitable method of surgical intervention [11]. On the other hand, several studies conducting to neuroendocrine tumor have reported that bcl-2 and/or p53 expression might be correlated with malignant behavior of them [2-5], whereas no studies were found of which investigation was limited in gangliocytic paraganglioma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma showing lymph node metastasis: A rare case report

et al. 2010

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We describe a case of duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma showing lymph node metastasis. A 61-year-old Japanese man underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy to remove a tumor at the papilla of Vater. The section of the tumor extending from the mucosa to submucosa of the duodenum was sharply demarcated, solid, and white-yellowish. Neither necrosis nor hemorrhage was present. Histological examination confirmed the immunohistochemical identification of three components comprising epithelioid cells, spindle-shaped cells, and ganglion-like cells. Epithelioid cells showed positive reactivity for synaptophysin, somatostatin, and CD56. In contrast, spindle-shaped cells showed positive reactivity for S-100 protein, but not for synaptophysin, somatostatin or CD56. Furthermore, we found lymph node metastasis despite lack of bcl-2 and p53 expression. In addition to the rarity of the tumor, we are describing here the present case suggests the malignant potency of the tumor despite lack of acceptable prognostic indicators for neuroendocrine tumor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma showing lymph node metastasis: A rare case report

et al. 2010

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“…In fact, our patient showed an exceptionally low Ki-67 labeling index (3.7%). In addition, several studies on neuroendocrine tumors have reported that bcl-2 or p53 expression might be correlated with malignant behavior [13–17, 19, 23–27]. However, no studies were found in which investigation was limited to SPC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Significance of Bcl-2 Positive Solid Papillary Carcinoma

Okubo

et al. 2016

Case Reports in Medicine

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Solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) is considered a rare malignant breast tumor. Maluf and Koerner first reported this disease entity as a special type of ductal carcinoma in situ with several characteristic histopathological features, including low-grade cellular atypia, intracellular or extracellular mucin deposition, and solid papillary growth pattern, as well as neuroendocrine differentiation. The present paper describes a case of SPC with bcl-2 expression, which is known as a marker for malignancy of neuroendocrine tumors. Interestingly, despite bcl-2 expression being a poor prognostic indicator of neuroendocrine tumors, the patient with this tumor has achieved long-term survival (approximately 6 years) at the time of writing this report. Because previous investigators reported that bcl-2 expression might play a role in the inhibition of the development of breast cancer, we suggest that bcl-2 expression might reflect a good prognosis in patients with SPC, rather than being a poor prognostic indicator, as it is in several types of neuroendocrine tumor. However, to confirm this hypothesis, further investigation is required.

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“…Incidentally, we previously tried to establish the immunohistochemical prognostic indicators of GP using bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67, which are acceptable prognostic indicators in several kinds of neuroendocrine tumors [41-44]. However, all of these indicators showed a negative reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature survey on epidemiology and pathology of gangliocytic paraganglioma

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAlthough gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) has generally been regarded as a neuroendocrine tumor, its origin remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the details of this disease by carefully analyzing and extracting common features of the disease as presented in selected publications.MethodsWe searched for English and Japanese cases of GP using the PubMed and IgakuChuoZasshi databases on August 2010. We then extracted and sampled raw data from the selected publications and performed appropriate statistical analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the expression of hormone receptors based on our previously reported case.Results192 patients with GP were retrieved from the databases. Patient ages ranged from 15 y to 84 y (mean: 52.3 y). The gender ratio was 114:76 (male to female, 2 not reported). Maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 5.5 mm to 100 mm (mean: 25.0 mm). The duodenum (90.1%, 173/192) was found to be the most common site of the disease. In 173 patients with duodenal GP, gastrointestinal bleeding (45.1%, 78/173) was found to be the most common symptom of the disease, followed by abdominal pain (42.8%, 74/173), and anemia (14.5%, 25/173). Rate of lymph node metastasis was 6.9% (12/173). Our statistical analysis indicated that significant differences were found for gender between GP within the submucosal layer and exceeding the submucosal layer. Furthermore, our immunohistochemical evaluation showed that both epithelioid and pancreatic islet cells showed positive reactivity for progesterone receptors.ConclusionsOur literature survey revealed that there were many more cases of GP exceeding the submucosal layer than were expected. Meanwhile, our statistical analyses and immunohistochemical evaluation supported the following two hypotheses. First, vertical growth of GP might be affected by progesterone exposure. Second, the origin of GP might be pancreatic islet cells. However, it is strongly suspected that our data have been affected by publication bias and to confirm these hypotheses, further investigation is required.

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p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma showing lymph node metastasis: A rare case report

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma showing lymph node metastasis: A rare case report

Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Significance of Bcl-2 Positive Solid Papillary Carcinoma

Literature survey on epidemiology and pathology of gangliocytic paraganglioma

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