Pacific Islands Families Study: The Association of Infant Health Risk Indicators and Acculturation of Pacific Island Mothers Living in New Zealand

Borrows, Jim; Williams, Maynard; Schluter, Philip J.; Paterson, Janis; Helu, S. Langitoto

doi:10.1177/0022022110362750

Cited by 33 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Currently smoking Pacific mothers had, on average, a significantly lower Pacific cultural alignment score than their non-smoking counterparts but there was no difference between their New Zealand cultural orientation scores. This supports the supposition that it is the retention of strong cultural attitudes and behaviours that is more likely to yield more positive benefits rather than the adoption of behaviours and attitudes from the new culture [10,16-18]. Again, these findings demonstrate the importance of assessing the two dimensions of acculturation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The acculturation instrument chosen for the PIF study was an adaptation of the General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ) [30]. To suit the specific purposes of the PIF study, the scale was shortened and modified thereby developing the Pacific (PIAccult) and New Zealand (NZAccult) versions of the GEQ [10]. The instrument, which appears in the Appendix, was modified to make it relevant to Pacific peoples and New Zealand society as a whole.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acculturation of Pacific mothers in New Zealand over time: findings from the Pacific Islands Families study

2011

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BackgroundThe epidemiological investigation of acculturation has often been hampered by inconsistent definitions and measurement, and methodological short-comings. Adopting a bi-directional model, with good theoretical and psychometric properties, this study aimed to describe the temporal, ethnic and socio-demographic influences of acculturation for a group of Pacific mothers residing in New Zealand.MethodsPacific mothers of a cohort of Pacific infants born at a large tertiary hospital in South Auckland in 2000 were interviewed at 6-weeks, 4-years and 6-years postpartum. At each measurement wave a home interview lasting approximately 90 minutes was conducted with each mother. Adapting the General Ethnicity Questionnaire, two scales of acculturation were elicited: one measuring New Zealand cultural orientation (NZAccult) and one measuring Pacific Islands cultural orientation (PIAccult). Acculturation scores were standardised and analysed using random intercept polynomial and piecewise mixed-effects regression models, accounting for the longitudinal nature of the repeated measured data. Mothers who immigrated to New Zealand and those who lived their lives in New Zealand were investigated separately.ResultsOverall, 1276 Pacific mothers provided 3104 NZAccult and 3107 PIAccult responses over the three measurement waves. Important and significant differences were observed in both bi-directional acculturation measures between the two maternal groups studied. New Zealand cultural orientation increased, on average, linearly with years lived in New Zealand both for immigrant mothers (0.013 per year, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.014), after adjusting for maternal age, and for mothers who lived their lives in New Zealand (0.008 per year, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.010). Immigrant mothers maintained their Pacific cultural orientation for, on average, 12 years before it began to linearly decrease with each year lived in New Zealand thereafter (-0.009 per year, 95% CI: -0.010, -0.008), after adjusting for maternal age. Mothers who lived their lives in New Zealand had a Pacific orientation that was, on average, unchanged regardless of the number of years lived in New Zealand. Significant ethnic and socio-demographic variations were noted.ConclusionsUnderstanding the patterns and trajectories of acculturation over time, and its key determinants, is necessary for the development of appropriate targeted health policy and care in typically vulnerable and marginalised immigrant populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation of Pacific mothers in New Zealand over time: findings from the Pacific Islands Families study

2011

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“…Within the context of a wider interview, issues of paternal health were measured using various screening tools, including a bidirectional acculturation scale based on Berry's model of acculturation 11 . This scale used a modified version of the General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ) 26 that was adapted for use within Pacific populations 27 . Detailed information about the PIF cohort and procedures is described elsewhere 28,29 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation status has a modest effect on smoking prevalence among a cohort of Pacific fathers in New Zealand

Tautolo

Schluter

Paterson

et al. 2011

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…Borrows et al [11] argues that single mothers are more vulnerable than married or partnered mothers, in terms of living a life of poverty and reduced health and wellbeing. Furthermore, single mothers are twice more likely to experience high levels of perceived stress than partnered mothers, and therefore, single mothers are more likely to experience depression [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single mothering as experienced by Burundian refugees in Australia: a qualitative inquiry

2017

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BackgroundRefugee mothers have fled from their homeland to escape persecutions with their children only to find other threats to their well-being in the new country. Building on previous research, it is known that being a new immigrant is challenging and requires adaptation. The adaptation process, known as acculturation, may not be successful leading to psychological distress. It is also known that a generation gap can occur when children acculturate faster than their parents. What was lacking was understanding about the experiences of single refugee mothers.MethodsInterpretative phenomenological study was undertaken to explore the lived experiences of eight Burundian refugee single mothers in Australia. Data were collected by in-depth interviews. Each interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFindings revealed three themes. First theme ‘Traditional mothering practices of Burundian culture’ illustrated mothering strategies as practiced prior to their arrival in Australia including mothering with sufficient social support, strong position of parents, and regular use of physical disciplining. Second theme ‘Challenges identified after arrival to new country’ revealed that mothers felt their children acculturated faster than themselves which led to intergenerational gap. This has also led participants to live in a continuous dilemma, experiencing inner conflicts and struggles associated with their mothering practices, especially when mothers had arrived with a lack of knowledge relating to acceptable mothering practices in a new culture. Final theme, ‘Reforming family life in Australia’ highlighted the decisions made by single refugee mothers which is to embrace both new and original cultures, leading to successful acculturation. However, lack of appropriate knowledge of acceptable mothering practices led to involvement of legal authorities who threatening to remove children from the mother’s care. This has led mothers feeling change of power from ‘mother to child, ‘to child to mother’, raises concerns for family wellbeing.ConclusionsA need for parenting information when entering a new country including education about any legal obligations for parents such as a Child Protection Act will assist successful acculturation. As nurses are likely to encounter refugee single mothers, they are well placed to provide support and education to new refugee single mothers.

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Pacific Islands Families Study: The Association of Infant Health Risk Indicators and Acculturation of Pacific Island Mothers Living in New Zealand

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

Acculturation of Pacific mothers in New Zealand over time: findings from the Pacific Islands Families study

Acculturation of Pacific mothers in New Zealand over time: findings from the Pacific Islands Families study

Acculturation status has a modest effect on smoking prevalence among a cohort of Pacific fathers in New Zealand

Single mothering as experienced by Burundian refugees in Australia: a qualitative inquiry

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