Paenibacillus koleovorans sp. nov., able to grow on the sheath of Sphaerotilus natans.

Abstract

Two bacterial strains that are able to grow specifically on the sheath of a sheathed filamentous bacterium, Sphaerotilus natans, were isolated from soil samples. The sheath-degrading organisms, designated strains TB(T) and TK, are facultatively anaerobic and form endospores. The Gram reaction was negative at all stages of cultivation. The optimum growth temperature and pH were 30 degrees C and pH 7. The DNA G+C content was 54.0-55.8 mol%. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15:0 was the major fatty acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to Paenibacillus chondroitinus, Paenibacillus alginolyticus, Paenibacillus koreensis, Paenibacillus validus, Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. The sequences were found to contain consensus sequences characteristic of all Paenibacillus species. The isolates were able to lyse and utilize the purified sheath of S. natans as the sole carbon and energy source. Acid was not produced from common carbon sources, allowing easy distinction from other members of Paenibacillus. It is concluded that the two strains represent a novel Paenibacillus species, for which the name Paenibacillus koleovorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain TB(T) (= JCM 11186T = IAM 14926T = KCTC 13912T).

Paenibacillus residui sp. nov., isolated from urban waste compost

“…The DNA G+C contents determined for strains T and MC-247 were 49.3±0.6 and 49.0±0.3 mol%, respectively; these values are within the range observed for members of the genus Paenibacillus (39.0-55.8 mol%) (Takeda et al, 2002). Menaquinone MK-7 was the major respiratory quinone in both strains and the peptidoglycan was of type A1c (based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid).…”

Structural Analysis of the Fundamental Polymer of the Sheath Constructed bySphaerotilus natans

“…2,17,18) The sheath-degrading enzyme prepared from the sheath-devouring bacterium Paenibacillus koleovorans 19) successfully disrupted the sheath labelled with ABD-F, allowing easy purification of a fluorescent digest. Based on chemical and NMR spectroscopic analyses, the structure of the digest was determined.…”

A Novel Gene Encoding an Enzyme That Degrades a Polysaccharide from the Sheath ofSphaerotilus natans

“…Paenibacillus koleovorans is a bacterium capable of growing on the sheath as a sole carbon source and secretes an enzyme aŠecting the sheath polysaccharide. 4,5) The enzyme produced an oligosaccharide the size of which was between maltopentaose and maltohexaose. Absorbance at 235 nm was increased during the reaction and the product reacted with thiobarbituric acid after perioxidation.…”

“…4,5) Deacetylated SPS (0.2 mg) was dissolved in 0.7 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl buŠer (pH 8.0). The reaction was started by the addition of the puriˆed enzyme solution (100 ml) and incubated at 309 C. SPS-degrading activity was monitored by the generation of reducing sugars according to the method of Iwasaki et al…”