Paenibacillus spp infection among infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda: an observational case-control study

Morton, Sarah U.; Hehnly, Christine; Burgoine, Kathy; Ssentongo, Paddy; Ericson, Jessica E.; Kumar, M. S. Binoj; Hagmann, Cornelia; Fronterrè, Claudio; Smith, Judson A.; Movassagh, Mercedeh; Streck, Nicholas; Bebell, Lisa M.; Bazira, Joel; Kumbakumba, Elias; Bajunirwe, Francis; Mulondo, Ronald; Mbabazi-Kabachelor, Edith; Kaaya, Brian Nsubuga; Natukwatsa, Davis; Nalule, Esther; Magombe, Joshua; Erickson, Tim; Ngonzi, Joseph; Ochora, Moses; Olupot‐Olupot, Peter; Onen, Justin; Ssenyonga, Peter; Mugamba, John; Warf, Benjamin C.; Kulkarni, Abhaya V.; Lane, Jessica; Whalen, Andrew J.; Zhang, Lijun; Sheldon, Kathryn; Meier, Frederick A.; Kiwanuka, Julius; Broach, James R.; Paulson, Joseph N.

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00106-4

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One hundred and thirty-nine Paenibacillus infections in infants were reported in 9 papers. They included two separate Ugandan cohorts previously described by our group 4,5 and 6 single case reports from throughout the United States (Table 2). 38–44 In contrast to the infections occurring in adults, Paenibacillus infections in infants were caused by only 3 species: P. thiaminolyticus (112/139, 80%), P. alvei (2/139, 1%) and P. dendritiformis (2/139, 1%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our long-term effort to identify the etiology of neonatal sepsis, meningitis and their much feared sequela of postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda, we identified Paenibacillus species to be both the most commonly identified genera in infants with postinfectious hydrocephalus 4 and also present in 6% of neonates with clinical sepsis. 5 Further, we have found that Paenibacillus species are variably detected by standard aerobic microbial culture, likely due to high requirements for thiamine in growth media.…”

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confidence: 99%

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HumanPaenibacillusInfections: A Systematic Review with Comparison of Adult and Infant Cases

Smith,

Bastug,

Burgoine

et al. 2023

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Neonatal infections due to Paenibacillus species have increasingly been reported over the last few years. We performed a structured literature review of human Paenibacillus infections in infants and adults to compare the epidemiology of infections between these distinct patient populations. Thirty-nine reports describing 176 infections met our inclusion criteria and were included. There were 37 Paenibacillus infections occurring in adults caused by 23 species. The clinical presentations of infections were quite variable. In contrast, infections in infants were caused by only 3 species: P. thiaminolyticus (112/139, 80%), P. alvei (2/139, 1%) and P. dendritiformis (2/139, 1%). All of the infants with Paenibacillus infection presented with a sepsis syndrome or meningitis, often complicated by extensive cerebral destruction and hydrocephalus. Outcomes were commonly poor with 17% (24/139) mortality. Cystic encephalomalacia due to brain destruction was common in both Ugandan and American cases and 92/139 (66%) required surgical management of hydrocephalus following their infection. Paenibacillus infections are likely underappreciated in infants and effective treatments are urgently needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%