Paenibacillus xerothermodurans sp. nov., an extremely dry heat resistant spore forming bacterium isolated from the soil of Cape Canaveral, Florida

Abstract

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-producing, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated ATCC 27380, was isolated from heat-stressed soil of Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. Growth was observed at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0.5-3 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid and the isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. The main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing affiliated strain ATCC 27380 to the genus Paenibacillus, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus rigui JCM 16352 (97.0 %). The other closely related type strains exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values below 95.9 %. The draft genome of ATCC 27380 had a size of 4,361,187 bases, with a G+C content of 51.0 %. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ATCC 27380 and P. rigui JCM 16352 were 72.5% and 18.5 %, respectively, which were below the threshold suggested for species differentiation (96% and 70 %, respectively). The average amino acid identity between strain ATCC 27380 and P. rigui JCM 16352 was 68.72 %, which was above the suggested genus level demarcation of 65 %. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain ATCC 27380 represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillusxerothermodurans sp. nov. (=DSM 520=NRRL NRS-1629=ATCC 27380) is proposed.

Precision environmental health monitoring by longitudinal exposome and multi-omics profiling

“…In terms of environmental factors, only temperature and humidity collected by the exposometer as well as SO 2 concentration collected by the local monitoring stations were significantly correlated with other exposome components ( Figure 2d ). For example, Paenibacillus was positively correlated with the temperature, consistent with the literature that members of Paenibacillus are heat resistant and grow well in relative hot temperatures 19 . Azoxystrobin, ethylparaben and captan are fungicides or antifungal agents 20–22 that negatively correlated with different fungi ( Figure 2f ).…”

Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after Chaparral wildfire

“…In particular, the dominance of the genera Massilia, Noviherbaspirillium, and Paenibacillus may be attributed to their ability to survive the wildfire and exploit transient niches in the early post-fire environment. For example, Paenibacillus xerothermodurans is an endospore-forming bacterium that has been shown to contain heat-inducible transcriptional proteins, which can protect heat-induced protein denaturation (Kaur et al, 2018). However, Massilia does not form endospores but was nonetheless the most dominant genus post-fire.…”

“…Thermotolerance and heat-stress adaptation dominated survival traits, allowing Firmicutes to dominate as early as 25 days post-fire. Firmicutes contain some of the most resistant, thermotolerant endospore producing bacteria (Grady et al, 2016; Kaur et al, 2018; Mandic-Mulec et al, 2015), as well as the species Paenibacillus xerothermodurans, which contains heat-inducible transcriptional proteins that protect against protein denaturation (Paredes-Sabja et al, 2011). Moreover, Clostridiales can trigger sporulation in response to stress (Paredes-Sabja et al, 2011), allowing for increased proliferation post-fire.…”

“…For example, Paenibacillus xerothermodurans is an endospore-forming bacterium that has been shown to contain heat-inducible transcriptional proteins, which can protect heat-induced protein denaturation (Kaur et al, 2018). However, Massilia does not form endospores but was nonetheless the most dominant genera post-fire.…”

Purification and optimization of pink pigment produced by newly isolated bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. PWN1

“…The bacteria were characterized by Gram staining using Gram Staining Kit (K001) from Himedia, India [21]. The spore-forming nature of the isolates was identified by the standard procedure using malachite green for 10 min on the pre-heat-fixed smear that stains up the endospores produced by the bacteria on exposure to stress [22]. The motility of the bacteria was identified by the standard hanging drop method, using fresh cultures on concavity slides and their visualization under 1000X microscopic magnification [23].…”