Pahoehoe–a′a transitions in the lava flow fields of the western Deccan Traps, India-implications for emplacement dynamics, flood basalt architecture and volcanic stratigraphy

Duraiswami, Raymond A.; Gadpallu, Purva; Shaikh, Tahira N.; Cardin, Neha

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.025

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…The AMS data revealed lava flow in all possible directions. Flow in all possible directions promotes rapid chilling of the lava and such a phenomenon is confirmed by the presence of high amount of glass and also the cruciform and skeletal nature of the magnetite grains observed in magnetomineralogical studies 3,32 . The two larger petals of the rose diagram towards north and north-west point towards the fact that although the lava flowed in all possible directions, more dominant flow was due north.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies

Mondal¹,

Mazumdar²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data for a single basaltic lava flow, herein named the Gowripatnam lava flow from the Rajahmundry Traps, are evaluated for determining precisely the mechanism of lava flow. At Rajahmundry, lava flows are found on both banks of the Godavari River and sandwich intertrappean sedimentary layers in between. The ones on the west bank of the river are studied here. This study has an implication as the mechanism of lava flow or nature of lava flow patterns of Rajamundry Trap basalt is still a debatable issue. AMS directions is a powerful tool for investigating the source and direction of lava. Its application to single lava flow from Rajahmundry indicates maximum direction of susceptibility axes in almost all possible directions, indicating radial flowage from radial vent source(s). Two AMS directions (towards north-west -14%, and north -7%), however, have the maximum number of petals. This indicates that at least there were palaeoflowage patterns towards these directions. Incidentally the Godavari lineament strikes NW-SE and the flow dip is due south. However, the two dominant magnetic lineation directions are due north. Hence, the possibility of the earlier suggested river piracy model for lava flow can be ruled out. The fissure eruption near Rajahmundry is pointed out as the then prevailing lava flow mechanism. This is further supported by an overall random distribution of maximum susceptibility axes apart from two dominant flow directions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies

Mondal¹,

Mazumdar²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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“…Their emplacement represents a fundamental change in eruption style from earlier eruptions of more typical pāhoehoe and thin rubbly pāhoehoe lava, characteristic of the lower Kalkarindji succession. The closest modern analogue to these flows are from Laki, Iceland (Guilbaud et al, 2005) and even rarer examples documented in CFBPs from Columbia River (Guilbaud, 2006) and Deccan (Duraiswami et al, 2008(Duraiswami et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These are relatively uncommon in CFBP successions (Applegarth et al, 2010;Brown et al, 2011). Between these two end members, however, there is now an established and well-defined spectrum of genetically related lava types Single and Jerram, 2004;Brown et al, 21 2011; Vye- Brown et al, 2013;Duraiswami et al, 2014). Where the flow is larger and more disturbed, 'slabby' pāhoehoe can be created by the rafting of large slabs into a jumble of tabular to curved pāhoehoe crusts disturbed, dislocated and tilted throughout the lava flow surface.…”

Section: Lava Flow Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in lava form are only rarely observed in CFBP successions (Guilbaud, 2006;Brown et al, 2011;Duraiswami et al, 2014) because early lava flows quickly fill and bury any pre-existing topography.…”

Section: Syn-eruptive Landscape Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was erupted onto the North Australian Craton during the mid-Cambrian period between 511 -505 ± 2 Ma (Glass and Phillips, 2006;Evins et al, 2009;Jourdan et al, 2014), which formed part of Gondwana (Foden et al, 2006;Torsvik and Cocks, 2009;Cocks and Torsvik, 2013). The composition and morphology of CFBP lavas are known to vary significantly within a province (Walker, 1971;Bondre et al, 2004;Single and Jerram, 2004;Bryan et al, 2010;Brown et al, 2011;Duraiswami et al, 2014), but the common CFBP lava emplacement mode is as extensive pāhoehoe flow fields emplaced by a process of endogenous inflation, as observed occurring on the flanks of modern day shield volcanoes such as in Hawai'i (Self et al, 1997Thordarson and Self, 1998;Bondre et al, 2004;Single and Jerram, 2004;Jerram and Widdowson, 2005;Waichel et al, 2006;Vye-Brown et al, 2013). Whilst this emplacement model is characteristic of the majority of the Kalkarindji basalt succession (Sweet et al, 1971;Bultitude, 1976;Mory and Beere, 1985), debate remains regarding the nature of the Blackfella Rockhole Member (BRM), because the appearance of these units differs significantly from those commonly observed in CFBP successions (Sweet et al, 1974;Mory and Beere, 1985;Jourdan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Giant Lavas of Kalkarindji: rubbly pāhoehoe lava in an ancient continental flood basalt province

Marshall

Widdowson

Murphy

2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The Kalkarindji continental flood basalt province of northern Australia erupted in the mid Cambrian . It now consists of scattered basaltic lava fields, the most extensive being the Antrim Plateau Volcanics (APV) -a semi-continuous outcrop (c. 50,000 km 2 ) reaching a maximum thickness of 1.1 km. Cropping out predominately in the SW of the APV, close to the top of the basalt succession, lies the Blackfella Rockhole Member (BRM). Originally described as 'basaltic agglomerate' the BRM has, in recent years, been assumed to be explosive tephra of phreatomagmatic origin, thus providing a potent vehicle for volatile release to the upper atmosphere. Our detailed field investigations reveal that this basaltic agglomerate is, in reality, giant rubble collections (15 -20 m thick) forming the upper crusts of rubbly pāhoehoe lava units 25 -40 m thick; covering 18,000 -72,000 km 2 and an estimated volume of 1,500 -19,200 km 3 . These flows, rheologically but not chemically, distinct from the majority of Kalkarindji lavas, indicate a fundamental change in eruption dynamics. A low volatile content, induced high amounts of pre-eruptive degassing causing super-cooling and an increase in crystal nucleation and viscosity. A more viscous lava and a consistently faster rate of effusion (analogous to that of Laki, Iceland) created the flow dynamics necessary to disturb the lava crust to the extent seen in the BRM. Volatile release is estimated at 1.65 × 10 4 -2.11 × 10 5 Tg total CO2 at a rate of 867 Tg a -1 and 9.07 × 10 3 -1.16 × 10 5 Tg SO2 at 476.50 Tg a -1 . These masses accounted for 0.5% of Cambrian atmospheric conditions whilst limiting factors reduced the effect of volatile delivery to the atmosphere, thus any potential global impact caused by these flows alone was minimal.

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Characterisation of the magma flow direction in the Nandurbar-Dhule Deccan dyke swarm inferred from magnetic fabric analysis

Das

Mallik

2021

Preprint

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Pahoehoe–a′a transitions in the lava flow fields of the western Deccan Traps, India-implications for emplacement dynamics, flood basalt architecture and volcanic stratigraphy

Cited by 78 publications

References 66 publications

Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies

Nature of Flow Patterns of Rajahmundry Lava, Gowripatnam Area, West Godavari, India:Insights from AMS Studies

The Giant Lavas of Kalkarindji: rubbly pāhoehoe lava in an ancient continental flood basalt province

Characterisation of the magma flow direction in the Nandurbar-Dhule Deccan dyke swarm inferred from magnetic fabric analysis

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