Pain relief with a proprietary extract of Willow Bark in Rheumatology. An open trial

Willow bark (Salix spp.) is an ingredient in some dietary supplements. No serious adverse effects were reported from trials of willow bark extracts delivering 120 – 240 mg salicin (the purported active constituent) daily for up to 8 weeks. All studies involved adults only; none involved special subpopulations such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, or children. The most common adverse effects associated with willow bark are gastrointestinal; a few allergic reactions were also reported. Some publications advise caution when taking willow bark. There is a risk of increased bleeding in vulnerable individuals, salicylates cross the placenta and are eliminated slowly in newborns, some persons are sensitive or allergic to aspirin, and children are at risk of Reye syndrome. Concurrent use with other salicylate-containing medicines increases these risks. Metabolism of 240 mg salicin from willow bark could yield 113 mg of salicylic acid, yet dietary supplement products are not required to be labeled with warnings. In contrast, over-the-counter low-dose aspirin (81 mg strength), which delivers 62 mg salicylic acid, is required by law to include cautions, warnings, and contraindications related to its use in pregnant and nursing women, children, and other vulnerable subpopulations, e.g., those using anticoagulants. In the interest of protecting public health, the United States Pharmacopeia has included a cautionary labeling statement in the United States Pharmacopeia Salix Species monograph as follows: “Dosage forms prepared with this article should bear the following statement: ‘Not for use in children, women who are pregnant or nursing, or by persons with known sensitivity to aspirin.’”

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United States Pharmacopeia Safety Review of Willow Bark

Oketch-Rabah

Marles

Jordan

et al. 2019

Planta Med

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PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF <i>SALIX ALBA</i>

Sulaiman¹

2013

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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The total phenolic content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of hot ethanolic extract of Salix alba bark were investigated. The antioxidant properties and the total phenolic contents of the extract were assessed by 1, 1-Diphenyl- 2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The highest effect was observed on C. albicans, followed by S. aureus then P. aeruginosa. While, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were not affected. The cytoxicity of S. alba extract against the Human Leukemia (HL-60) cell line was evaluated, it had been noticed that the extract significantly reduced the viability of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent response relationship. Findings from the present study indicate that extract is highly cytotoxic to HL-60 cells. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of S. alba extract seemed to be positively correlated with their antioxidant potentials

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Pain relief with a proprietary extract of Willow Bark in Rheumatology. An open trial

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

United States Pharmacopeia Safety Review of Willow Bark

United States Pharmacopeia Safety Review of Willow Bark

PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF <i>SALIX ALBA</i>

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