Painless acrocyanosis: Paget-Schroetter syndrome secondary to thoracic outlet obstruction from muscle hypertrophy

Norinsky, Alexander B.; Espinosa, James; Kianmajd, Majid; DiLeonardo, Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.11.050

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The involvement of these particular sports in TOS is supported by several series of athletes such as a series of 41 athletes treated in the United States including 13 baseball players, 13 swimmers, 5 water polo players, four rowers and two volleyball players ( Chandra et al, 2014 ). Most of the case reports involve also baseball pitchers and swimmers ( Wang and Crielaard, 2001 ; Richardson, 1999 ; Shutze et al, 2017 ; Yagi et al, 2017 ; VanWye et al, 2016 ; Thompson et al, 2017 ; Norinsky et al, 2016 ; Zajac et al, 2013 ; Herbst and Miller, 2013 ; Nitz and Nitz, 2013 ; Bushnell et al, 2009 ; Almeida et al, 2007 ; Hurley et al, 2006 ; McMaster, 1996 ; Katirji and Hardy, 1995 ; Fields et al, 1986 ; Vogel and Jensen, 1985 ; J. Gutman et al, 2021 ). Another series of 97 athletes diagnosed with TOS, also included 47 baseball or softball players, 11 volleyball players, eight gymnasts and surprisingly only two swimmers ( Beteck et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Sport: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare and heterogeneous syndrome secondary to a compression of the neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet area. Muscle hypertrophy is recognized to induce vascular or neurogenic compression, especially in sports involving upper-arm solicitation. Athletes represent a distinctive population because of a specific management due to an ambitious objective, which is returning to high-level competition. We evaluated the scientific literature available for the management of TOS in athletes. Article research extended to March 2021 without other restriction concerning the date of articles publication. The search was performed independently by two assessors. A first preselection based on the article titles was produced, regarding their availability in English or French and a second preselection was produced after reading the abstracts. In case of doubt, a third assessor’s advice was asked. Case reports were selected only if the sport involved was documented, as well as the level of practice. Cohorts were included if data about the number and the sport level of athletes were detailed. Seventy-eight articles were selected including 40 case reports, 10 clinical studies and 28 reviews of literature. Baseball pitchers seem to be highly at risk of developing a TOS. The surgical management appears particularly frequent in this specific population. The prognosis of TOS in athletes seems to be better than in the general population, possibly due to their better physical condition and their younger age. Some studies showed interesting and encouraging results concerning return to previous sport level. Literature shows a strong link between TOS and certain sports. Unfortunately, this syndrome still lacks rigorous diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for athletes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Sport: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Only one patient had a history of coagulopathy ( 6 ). The left and right upper arms were equally affected (right, 13 cases ( 5 - 15 ); left, 13 cases ( 16 - 27 ). In four patients, both sides were affected ( 20 , 28 - 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one patient had a history of coagulopathy (6). The left (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). In four patients, both sides were affected (20,(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Patients with Paget-Schroetter Syndrome That Were Successfully Diagnosed by Doppler Ultrasonography: Case Studies with a Literature Review

et al. 2020

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We herein report on two male patients (age, 22 and 44 years) who were referred to our department with swelling of the upper right arm after attending other hospitals. Right subclavian vein thrombosis was demonstrated by ultrasonography and they were then further evaluated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Successful treatment involved venous thrombectomy in one patient and anticoagulant therapy in the other. Paget-Schhroetter syndrome was confirmed using standard vascular ultrasonography. Despite the accuracy of this method for diagnosing Paget-Schroetter syndrome, some cases are difficult to confirm. We reviewed 29 previously published case reports of Paget-Schroetter syndrome and analyzed the patient baseline characteristics, time to diagnosis, and the diagnostic methods used.

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“…It is the leading vascular disorder in male athletes. The combination of both disorders can either lead to painful or painless acrocyanosis [ 8 ][ 9 ][ 10 ].…”

Section: Vascular Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrocyanosis – A Symptom with Many Facettes

Wollina¹,

Koch²,

Langner³

et al. 2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Acrocyanosis is an uncommon complaint belonging to the acro-syndromes. It typically presents with coolness and bluish discolourations of hands, feet, ears, nose, lips and nipple. The most frequently affected parts of the body are the hands. This review discusses physical factors, vascular disorders, infectious diseases, haematological disorders, solid tumours genetic disorders, drugs, eating disorders, and spinal disease presenting as or leading to acrocyanosis.

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Painless acrocyanosis: Paget-Schroetter syndrome secondary to thoracic outlet obstruction from muscle hypertrophy

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Sport: A Systematic Review

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Sport: A Systematic Review

Two Patients with Paget-Schroetter Syndrome That Were Successfully Diagnosed by Doppler Ultrasonography: Case Studies with a Literature Review

Acrocyanosis – A Symptom with Many Facettes

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