An estimated 14.1 million patients survive sepsis hospitalization each year. Many survivors experience poor long-term outcomes, including new or exacerbated neuropsychological impairment, functional disability, and heightened vulnerability to further health deterioration, including recurrent infection, cardiovascular events, and acute renal failure. However, current guidelines and interventional trials have focused on shorter-term survival, so there is little data on how to best promote longer-term recovery. To address this unmet need, a Colloquium on "Understanding and Enhancing Sepsis Survivorship" was held in February 2018, sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. The goals of the Colloquium were to identify (1) gaps and limitations of current research, (2) shorter-term research priorities, and (3) longer-term research priorities for understanding and enhancing sepsis survivorship, informed by review of the literature and expert opinion. A total of 26 experts from 8 countries participated. The top three short-term priorities were to better leverage existing databases for research, to develop and disseminate educational resources on post-sepsis morbidity, and to build deep connections with sepsis survivors to define and achieve research priorities. The top longer-term priorities were to link mechanisms to long-term outcomes through large cohort studies with deep phenotyping, build a harmonized global sepsis registry from which patients could be enrolled into cohort studies or interventional trials, and to complete detailed longitudinal follow-up to characterize the heterogeneity of recovery experiences across sepsis survivors. This Perspective reports on the Colloquium discussions, the rationale for the research priorities, and current initiatives addressing these priorities.