Palaeofloral and stratigraphic context of a new fossil forest from the Pliocene of NW Italy

Macaluso, Loredana; Martinetto, Edoardo; Vigna, Bartolomeo; Bertini, Adèle; Cilia, Antonella; Teodoridis, Vasilis; Kvaček, Zlatko

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.08.005

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The next step should be to conduct a meta-analysis in order to improve the knowledge of the relations between plant–insect interactions and climate, to this end, further studies are needed. Concerning European paleoforests, the studies of other late Pliocene outcrops such as the one of Frankfurt-am-Main in Germany ( Thiel, Klotz & Uhl, 2012 ) or Fossano in Italy ( Macaluso et al, 2018 ) should provide interesting data in that way. Lastly, this study points out that comparisons of plant–insect interactions from different paleoforests are limiting by the fossil preservation which significantly affects the fossil leaf collections available in the outcrops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene—early-Quaternary

Adroit

Girard

Kunzmann

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Plants and insects are constantly interacting in complex ways through forest communities since hundreds of millions of years. Those interactions are often related to variations in the climate. Climate change, due to human activities, may have disturbed these relationships in modern ecosystems. Fossil leaf assemblages are thus good opportunities to survey responses of plant–insect interactions to climate variations over the time. The goal of this study is to discuss the possible causes of the differences of plant–insect interactions’ patterns in European paleoforests from the Neogene–Quaternary transition. This was accomplished through three fossil leaf assemblages: Willershausen, Berga (both from the late Neogene of Germany) and Bernasso (from the early Quaternary of France). In Willershausen it has been measured that half of the leaves presented insect interactions, 35% of the fossil leaves were impacted by insects in Bernasso and only 25% in Berga. The largest proportion of these interactions in Bernasso were categorized as specialist (mainly due to galling) while in Willershausen and Berga those ones were significantly more generalist. Contrary to previous studies, this study did not support the hypothesis that the mean annual precipitation and temperature were the main factors that impacted the different plant–insect interactions’ patterns. However, for the first time, our results tend to support that the hydric seasonality and the mean temperature of the coolest months could be potential factors influencing fossil plant–insect interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene—early-Quaternary

Adroit

Girard

Kunzmann

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…For the analysis of the possible combinations of different plant parts from the Messinian -Piacenzian of Italy we used a pollen and macroflora database compiled by Bertini and Martinetto (2011), integrated with recent data by Macaluso et al (2018), Martinetto et al (2015Martinetto et al ( , 2018 and Teodoridis et al (2015aTeodoridis et al ( , b, 2017a. One of the main alterations involved the inclusion of data concerning a few fossil floras of the preevaporitic .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Therefore, in Table 2, we were able to use the chronological framework reported in Bertini and Martinetto (2011), and we assigned to the appropriate time slices the new occurrence data provided by Macaluso et al (2018), Martinetto et al (2015Martinetto et al ( , 2018 and Teodoridis et al (2015aTeodoridis et al ( , b, 2017a. Only the locality "Gabbro" requires individual discussion because it yielded two distinct flora-bearing layers (Kovar-Eder et al 2006) which have had inconsistent stratigraphic assignment (Kovar-Eder et al 2006, Bertini and Martinetto 2008, Bertini and Martinetto 2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Messinian sites mostly provided shoots, but infrequently. The Pliocene sites provided all types of macroremains, in large quantities in some fossil forests: Dunarobba, Fossano, La Cassa, Le Matole, Stura di Lanzo, Villafranca d'Asti -RDB Quarry (Vassio et al 2008, Martinetto et al 2007a, Forno et al 2015, Macaluso et al 2018. A proportion of the pollen grains of the Taxodium-type, frequent in most of the Messinian to Zanclean samples, was certainly produced by the Glyptostrobus europaeus whole-plant.…”

Section: Family Cupressaceae Gray 1822mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Application of the Whole-Plant Concept to the Messinian – Piacenzian Flora of Italy

Martinetto¹,

Macaluso²

2018

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Abstract The analysis of a taxonomical database containing Italian pollen and macrofossil records of the Messinian - Piacenzian time interval allowed us to evaluate the possible assemblage of different parts within a Whole-Plant Concept. The fossil plant parts that we deemed more significant were: “herbarium-like” specimens, foliage, female and male reproductive organs and stem parts (mainly woody axes). When it has been possible, we recognized these different parts as putative products of a single ancient plant species. Then we operated a random selection of 100 taxonomical entities (potential whole-plant taxa, indicated by the progressive numbers WP001, WP002, etc.) and we analysed their fossil record in order to quantify the proportion of ancient plants represented by one, two or more different parts in the fossil record of the studied area and time slice. Our quantitative analysis showed that 63 % of the potential whole-plant taxa are represented by a single type of plant part, 23 % are represented by two plant parts, and 14 % by three or more different parts. A few taxa were selected as examples to show in detail the implications of applying the Whole-Plant Concept; this involved a taxonomic discussion of Actinidia, Ailanthus, Engelhardia, Eucommia, Glyptostrobus and Taxodium.

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“…The site is in proximity to the alps; the river has incised Quaternary sediments to expose Pliocene continental sediments ( Figure 19). Two successive forests are represented in separate stratigraphic layers [91][92][93]. As in other Pliocene swamp forests in Italy, Glyptostrobus europaeus is the dominant tree type.…”

Section: Fossano Fossil Forest Northern Italy-pliocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Mineralized Fossil Wood

Mustoe

2018

Geosciences

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Under conditions where buried wood is protected from microbial degradation and exposure to oxygen or harsh chemical environments, the tissues may remain unmineralized. If the original organic matter is present in relatively unaltered form, wood is considered to be mummified. Exposure to high temperatures, whether from wild fires or pyroclastic flows, may cause wood to be converted to charcoal. Coalification occurs when plant matter undergoes gradual metamorphosis, producing bituminous alteration products. Examples of all three types of non-mineralized wood are common in the geologic record. This report describes some of the most notable occurrences, reviews past research and introduces data from several localities in North America.

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Palaeofloral and stratigraphic context of a new fossil forest from the Pliocene of NW Italy

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene—early-Quaternary

Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene—early-Quaternary

Quantitative Application of the Whole-Plant Concept to the Messinian – Piacenzian Flora of Italy

Non-Mineralized Fossil Wood

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