Palaeohydrological evolution of the late Cenozoic saline lake in the Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau: Tectonic vs. climatic control

Guo, Pei; Liu, Chiyang; Huang, Lei; Yu, Mengli; Wang, Peng; Zhang, Guoqing

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.03.012

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This conclusion is also confirmed by the fact that the Ca 2+ /Cl − (0.007-0.174, average 0.03) and Na + /Cl − (0.50-1.62, average 0.63) ratios of oilfield brines are much higher than those of shallow brines (surface brines and intercrystalline brines) in salt lakes (Ca 2+ /Cl − : 0.001-0.07, average 0.01; Na + /Cl − : 0.01-0.61, average 0.23) in the QB (Table S2). Moreover, the elevated K-feldspar contents in the Paleogene and Neogene strata can also verify these process [53,65]…”

Section: The Distribution Source and Sedimentary Pattern Of Deep Brimentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, previous studies [4,26,53] have demonstrated that modern salt lakes in the QB are the result of the migration and evolution of the "ancient Qaidam Lake." From the Oligocene-Miocene-Pliocene-Pleistocene, the ancient Qaidam Lake migrated from the Dalangtan to Chahansilatu playas, further to Yiliping playa, and finally, to the QSL, which presents a reverse-S shape (Figure 7a) [8].…”

Section: The Source Of K In the Qsl From Flux Calculation Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Source, Distribution, and Sedimentary Pattern of K-Rich Brines in the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Potash plays an important role in agricultural production. The Qaidam Basin (QB) in western China is a typical inland evaporite basin, which contains an abundance of K-rich brines, including shallow brines (i.e., surface brines and intercrystalline brines) in salt lakes and deep brines (i.e., pore brines and oilfield brines) in the strata. Significant studies on these brines have been reported; however, the integrated studies on sources of K, its distribution, and the sedimentary pattern of the two brine types are still inadequate. In this study, the K + concentrations of sixty-four intercrystalline brines from the Qarhan Salt Lake (QSL), the largest playa in the QB, are presented. After combining those results with the major ionic compositions of river waters and deep K-rich brines, and the K + concentrations of shallow brines in the QB, we concluded that: (1) The K of brines in the QSL is mainly from the high-flux K input by rivers which gain K from silicate weathering, while the "ancient Qaidam Lake" contributed little K to the QSL; (2) the large K flux supplied by rivers, the appropriate concentration degree, and the mixing of river waters and spring waters, cooperatively account for the highest K concentrations of brines in the QSL in the QB. The different river K recharges in different sections and isolated depressions are responsible for uneven K + concentrations of brines in the QSL.(3) The deep brines are mainly distributed in the western QB. The K source of pore brines is from the interaction of pore water with the overlying evaporite layer. While the K in oilfield brines may be meteoric water, salt dissolution, the mixing of hydrothermal fluids, and the conversion of clay minerals to K-feldspar may consume K in the oilfield brines.

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Section: The Distribution Source and Sedimentary Pattern Of Deep Brimentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: The Source Of K In the Qsl From Flux Calculation Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Source, Distribution, and Sedimentary Pattern of K-Rich Brines in the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…(2) Paleoclimatic records of the sporopollen and geochemistry from the QB and surroundings areas show that the study area experienced a gradual cooling and drying trend from ~18 to 5 Ma (Figure S4 in the supporting information). For example, pollen and spore assemblages from core KC‐1 indicate progressive aridification of the QB since ~18 Ma (Miao et al, , ); the continuously increasing content of soluble SO4 2− and Cl − of the HGZ section from ~17 Ma is suggested to reflect the long‐term gradual aridification of the QB (Song et al, ); the increasing paleosalinity of the lake waters interpreted from the deposits of 150 boreholes indicates continuous aridification in the QB from ~15.3 Ma to present (Guo et al, ), and biomarkers and stable isotopes records from the Xiaoliangshan area (adjacent to the HGZ section) reveal a gradual cooling and drying trend in the QB during the middle‐late Miocene (Jian et al, ). In addition, temperature simulations with a 1‐D ice sheet model (de Boer et al, 2010) and the deep‐sea oxygen isotope record (Zachos et al, 2001) both suggest an overall cooling trend of global climate since the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (Figure S4 in the supporting information).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topographic relief and thick sequences of Cenozoic terrigenous sediments in the surrounding lowlands provide an excellent opportunity to study the history of tectonic deformation related to the collision and hence improve our understanding of the tectonic and/or climatic controls on syndepositional systems. The Qaidam Basin (QB), in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NE TP), is well suited to such a study for the following reasons: (1) It is in the transitional zone between the arid Asian interior and the East Asian Monsoon region, and it experienced four high‐amplitude climatic regimes during the Cenozoic: warm‐humid, cold‐dry, warm‐humid, and colder‐drier during 53.5–40.5, 40.5–22, 22–18, and 18 Ma to present, respectively (Bao et al, ; Jian et al, ; Li et al, ; Miao et al, , ; Song et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhuang et al, , and references within; Guo et al, ). (2) It experienced major deformation during the Cenozoic, accompanied by the uplift of the surrounding mountains to the current average elevation of over ~4,000 m (e.g., Chang et al, ; Cheng et al, ; Fang et al, ; Ji et al, ; Lu & Xiong, ; Mao et al, ; Wu et al, ; Yin et al, ; Yin, Dang, Wang, et al, ; Yin, Dang, Zhang, et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhou et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Qaidam Basin (QB), in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NE TP), is well suited to such a study for the following reasons: (1) It is in the transitional zone between the arid Asian interior and the East Asian Monsoon region, and it experienced four high-amplitude climatic regimes during the Cenozoic: warm-humid, cold-dry, warm-humid, and colder-drier during 53. 5-40.5, 40.5-22, 22-18, and 18 Ma to present, respectively (Bao et al, 2017;Jian et al, 2014;Miao et al, 2011Miao et al, , 2016Song et al, 2014;Wang et al, 1999;Zhuang et al, 2014, and references within;Guo et al, 2018). (2) It experienced major deformation during the Cenozoic, accompanied by the uplift of the surrounding mountains to the current average elevation of over~4,000 m (e.g., Chang et al, 2015;Cheng et al, 2016;Fang et al, 2007;Ji et al, 2017;Lu & Xiong, 2009;Mao et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2012;Yin et al, 2002;Yin, Dang, Wang, et al, 2008;Yin, Dang, Zhang, et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonic Control of a Change in Sedimentary Environment at ~10 Ma in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Zuyi

Han

Fang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Tectonic uplift and climate change play a key role in the evolution of sedimentary systems in terrestrial basins. The Qaidam Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is well suited for studying these processes because of its location and its thick, continuous sequence of Cenozoic sediments. Unfortunately, however, there is a lack of continuous, well‐dated sedimentary records from the region. In the present study, we combined grain‐size analyses of sediment cores and outcrop samples with structural analysis of seismostratigraphic data from the western Qaidam Basin. The results reveal dramatic shifts in the depositional environment at ~11.5–10 Ma, coeval with the topographic development of the area. Together with paleoclimatic analysis and a conceptual model, we conclude that tectonic movements, rather than climatic changes, were the dominant forcing factor.

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Distribution, origin and evolution of overpressure in the Paleogene and Neogene in the Western Qaidam Basin, northwestern China

Yang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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Based on pressure test data, well logging data and geological conditions, the distribution and cause of overpressure in the western Qaidam Basin are analysed. The contribution of different overpressure causes is quantified, and the main controlling factors of overpressure at different evolution stages are further divided. This is useful for analysing the pressure state in different geological historical periods and indicating the direction of oil and gas migration. The research results show that the formation pressure coefficient in the western part of the Qaidam Basin is mainly in the range of 0.5–2.1, and the pressure coefficient generally decreases from the depression to the edge. According to the stress variation characteristics and logging response of overpressure, two models of acoustic travel time‐vertical effective stress and electrical resistivity‐vertical effective stress are established to identify and quantify the cause of overpressure for loading and unloading. Through the analysis of logging curves, acoustic velocity‐density cross‐plot and geological conditions, the causes of overpressure in western Qaidam Basin was clarified. The overpressure calculation results of different origins show that the main controlling factors of overpressure in the Kunbei fault stage are disequilibrium compaction and tectonic extrusion, with contribution rates of 38% and 52%, respectively. The overpressure in Mangya depression is caused by disequilibrium compaction, tectonic extrusion and hydrocarbon generation, with overpressure ratios of 30%, 32% and 38% respectively. The overpressure of the Dafengshan uplift can contribute up to 53% of the disequilibrium compaction, and the contributions of tectonic extrusion and hydrocarbon generation are 28% and 19%, respectively. Finally, the evolution of residual pressure in the upper segment of the Xiaganchaigou Formation () in western Qaidam Basin can be divided into four evolution stages: undercompaction stage (42.8–40.5 MPa), normal compaction stage (40.5–12.0 MPa), hydrocarbon generation pressurization stage (12.0–2.8 Ma) and pressure release stage (2.8 Ma‐present).

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Palaeohydrological evolution of the late Cenozoic saline lake in the Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau: Tectonic vs. climatic control

Cited by 38 publications

References 67 publications

The Source, Distribution, and Sedimentary Pattern of K-Rich Brines in the Qaidam Basin, Western China

The Source, Distribution, and Sedimentary Pattern of K-Rich Brines in the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Tectonic Control of a Change in Sedimentary Environment at ~10 Ma in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Distribution, origin and evolution of overpressure in the Paleogene and Neogene in the Western Qaidam Basin, northwestern China

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