Palaeolimnology of Lake Sapanca and identification of historic earthquake signals, Northern Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

Schwab, Markus J.; Werner, Petra; Dulski, Peter; McGee, E.J.; Nowaczyk, Norbert R; Bertrand, Sébastien; Leroy, Suzanne A.G.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.018

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Okay et al, 2000;Gö kaşan et al, 2001;Le Pichon et al, 2001, 2003Yaltırak, 2002;Alpar and Yaltırak, 2002;Elmas, 2003;Yigitbaş et al, 2004;Gü rer et al, 2003Gü rer et al, , 2006Dolu et al, 2007;Koral, 2007;Gü rbü z and Gü rer, 2008b;Schwab et al, 2009;Leroy et al, 2009). According to the latest detailed studies in the study area, the Izmit-Sapanca Corridor developed as an asymmetrical pullapart basin in the late Pliocene and Lake Sapanca originated as a different pull-apart basin in the Izmit-Sapanca asymmetric pull-apart basin by the cross-basin fault in the Middle Pleistocene (Gü rbü z and Gü rer, 2008bGü rer, , 2009.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Science versus myth: was there a connection between the Marmara Sea and Lake Sapanca?

Gürbüz

Leroy

2010

J Quaternary Science

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The existence of an alternative strait between the Black and Marmara Seas, east of today's Istanbul Strait, on the route of Izmit Gulf-Lake Sapanca-Lower Sakarya Valley, was already claimed at the end of the 19th century and has also been considered in several recent studies. Firstly, in historical documents over the last 2500 years, some natural and artificial waterways between the Marmara Sea and Lake Sapanca have been reported. Secondly, according to the present geomorphological research between the Izmit Gulf and Lake Sapanca, the gutter-like morphology, which was formed by the tectonics of the North Anatolian Fault in the centre of the plain, is suggested as a suitable geomorphic feature for a possible waterway between the gulf and the lake. Thirdly, the Izmit Plain that lies between the Izmit Gulf and Lake Sapanca is studied in this paper through its sedimentology. The facies associations of the basin-fill deposits are examined here through the lithological descriptions and fossil assemblages in nine cores drilled in the plain. All these data suggest that the shoreline in the Quaternary did not lie much further landward from its current position, that the inner part of the plain was covered by a lagoon/coastal-swamp environment and that a connection may have existed at an unknown time (perhaps for the last time during the Middle/Late Pleistocene) with perhaps only partial reuse during the last millennia in the course of catastrophic seismic movements and consecutive floods.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Science versus myth: was there a connection between the Marmara Sea and Lake Sapanca?

Gürbüz

Leroy

2010

J Quaternary Science

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“…E1) and 56 to 62 cm (i.e. storm/heavy rain deposits) depths should be excluded from the sequence, and the 137 Cs and 210 Pb xs profiles should be re-plotted as a composite sequence (e.g., Arnaud et al, 2002;Schwab et al, 2009). In the composite sequence (Fig.…”

Section: Sediment Chronology and Age Of Event Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary records of past earthquakes in Boraboy Lake during the last ca 600 years (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

Avşar

Hubert‐Ferrari

Batist

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Multiproxy sedimentological analyses along 4.9 m-long sequence of Boraboy Lake, which is located on the central eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), reveal the sedimentary traces of past large earthquakes in the region. The lake has a relatively large catchment area (10 km 2 ) compared to its size (0.12 km 2 ), which renders sedimentation sensitive to heavy rain/storm events. Accordingly, the background sedimentation, which is composed of faintly laminated reddish/yellowish brown clayey silt, is frequently interrupted by organic-rich intercalations probably due to heavy rain/storm events transporting terrestrial plant remains from the densely vegetated catchment. In addition to frequent organic-rich intercalations, the background sedimentation is interrupted by four mass-wasting deposits (MWD) of which thickness range between 15 and 50 cm. to routine overloading and oversteepening on the delta front formed by the main inlet of the lake. In subaqueous paleoseismology, coevality of multi-location mass-wasting events is used as a criterion to assign a seismic A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 triggering mechanism, and to rule out mass-wasting events due to routine overloading/oversteepening of subaqueous slopes. Within this context, Boraboy sequence provides a valuable example to discuss sedimentological imprints of single-vs. multi-source MWDs.

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“…Sapanca Lake emplaced within this depression is a pullapart basin developed between two active segments of the NAF (Çağatay et al, 2003;Gürbüz & Gürer, 2008;Leroy, Boyraz, & Gurbuz, 2009;Schwab et al, 2009; Figure 1). Early Pleistocene alluvial fan and flood plain deposits filling the İzmit-Sapanca Trough were mainly derived from the Samanlı Mountains in the south.…”

Section: The Tectonic and Geomorphic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the North Anatolian Fault on the geomorphology in the Eastern Marmara Region, Northwestern Turkey

Tarı

Tüysüz

2015

Geodinamica Acta

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North-western Anatolia has been actively deformed since Pliocene by the right-lateral North Anatolian Fault (NAF). This transform fault, which has a transtensional character in its western end due to effects from the Aegean extensional system, is a major control on the regional geomorphologic evolution. This study applied some geomorphic analyses, such as stream longitudinal profiles, stream length-gradient index, ratio of valley floor width and valley height, mountain front sinuosity, hypsometry and asymmetry factor analyses, to an area just east of the Sea of Marmara in order to understand the tectonic effects on the area's geomorphological evolution. The active and fastest northern branch of the NAF lies within a topographic depression connecting Sea of Marmara in the east to the Adapazarı Basin in the west. This depression filled with early Pleistocene and younger sediment after a series of pull-apart basins opened along the NAF. North of this depression lies the Kocaeli Peneplain, whose southern edge the NAF uplifted. Meandering streams on the central peneplain were incised possibly due to baselevel changes in the Black Sea. South of the depression, an E-trending mountainous area has a rugged morphology. Based on geomorphic analyses, uplifted Pliocene sediment, marine terraces, and recent earthquake activity, this area between northern and southern branches of the NAF is actively uplifting. The geomorphic indices used in this study are sensitive to vertical movements rather than lateral ones. The bedrock lithology that played an important role on the area's geomorphologic evolution also affects the geomorphic indices used here.

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Palaeolimnology of Lake Sapanca and identification of historic earthquake signals, Northern Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

Cited by 36 publications

References 70 publications

Science versus myth: was there a connection between the Marmara Sea and Lake Sapanca?

Science versus myth: was there a connection between the Marmara Sea and Lake Sapanca?

Sedimentary records of past earthquakes in Boraboy Lake during the last ca 600 years (North Anatolian Fault, Turkey)

The effects of the North Anatolian Fault on the geomorphology in the Eastern Marmara Region, Northwestern Turkey

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