Paleotemperature Analyses of Mesozoic Belemnoidea from Germany and Poland

Bowen, Robert

doi:10.1086/626716

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A temperature minimum in the Aptian, followed by a maximum in the Albian, (Bowen, 1961a), has not been confirmed. Russian isotopic results, while showing high temperatures in the Albian, show no minimum in the Aptian (rather it occurs in the Hauterivian) and Russian workers maintain that the Albian temperatures were about the same as those in the Cenomanian (Naidin et ai., 1966;cf.…”

Section: World Variationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance

Stevens

Clayton

1971

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

126

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<' I (0 18 ) and <' I (C13) results and isotopic temperatures are presented for transverse sections of New Zealand belemnites (Belemnopsis, Hibolithes, Dimitobelus) obtained from Jurassic strata correlated with Bajocian-Bathovian, Callovian, Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian, and Cretaceous strata correlated with Albian-Maastrichtian. Growth layer analyses also were carried out on 15 Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites.Many of the belemnite specimens were found to be chemically altered to varying degrees, but growth analyses showed that the high isotopic temperatures which alter· ation is expected to produce were confined to two areas: surrounding the apical line and adjacent to the periphery of the specimen. Between these two areas there are generally plausible isotopic temperatures, and there is no reason to suspect that the temperature record has not been preserved there in its original form. Three or four major growth stages may be recognised in New Zealand belemnite guards and growth layer analyses suggest that these are annual; if this is so then in this respect the belemnites match the modern squids in having a three· or four.year life cycle. Variations in isotopic temperature of the be1mnites are comparable with those experienced seasonally by modern squids. Isotopic temperatures for the Jurassic and Cretaceous of New Zealand can be compared with sea water surface temperatures around the present day New Zealand coasts (36 0 _46 0 S. Lat.)' and inferred temperatures, based on these comparisons, are as follows: Upper Jurassic -temperatures slightly cooler than those of the present day; Albian and Cenomanian -temperatures slightly warmer; Turonian-?Coniacian -temperatures markedly warmer; Santonian-Maastrichtian -tem· peratures slightly warmer in the Santonian, but more so in the Campanian and Upper Maastrichtian. The New Zealand oxygen isotope results indicate a probable mid· latitude position, in the warm·temperate climatic zone, for New Zealand in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. New Zealand oxygen isotope results are compared with those obtained from overseas.

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Section: World Variationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A temperature graph published by Bowen (1961a, fig. 2, p. 82) has received wide currency (e.g., Emiliani, 1966;Voigt, 1965;Cieslinski, 1965) and has been accepted and extended by Dorman (1968).…”

Section: World Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance

Stevens

Clayton

1971

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

126

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“…The curve constructed for the temperatures of the Upper Cretaceous seas (LowENsTA~ & EPSTEIN 1954, BOWEN 1961) based on the 160 : 1so ratios shows a temperature optimum in Coniaeian-Santonian time, but lower temperatures in Cenomanian and Upper Maastrichtian time. These climatic changes ought to be visible in the faunistie composition within the different stages of the Upper Cretaceous too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zur Temperatur-Kurve der Oberen kreide in Europa

Voigt

1964

Geol Rundsch

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“…Inoeeramus, another mollusk, also disappeared at the end of the Cretaceous, but a few specimens have likewise been found in Eocene pelagic beds (Hancock, 1967). Bowen (1961) observed that belemnoids were very widespread prior to the Cenomanian, but then and thereafter, there occurred a northward retreat of these organisms. Rare southward forays from arctic waters ceased with the onset of the Maestrlchtian stage I.…”

Section: Sidestepping Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lowenstam and Epstein, 1954). Based on oxygen isotope studies of their skeletal calcite, Bowen (1961) suggested that they indicate a cooling of ocean temperatures since Maestrichtian time. However 60 ~ 8 abundances of tropical Pacific deep-sea sediments show a temperature maximum in Paleocene time (Moore, 1972).…”

Section: Sidestepping Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a variable sun at the beginning of the Cenozoic era

Sonnenfeld

1978

Climatic Change

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Periodic bursts of increased ultraviolet radiation, possibly caused by a long-term breakdown of the ozone layer in late Cretaceous to early Tertiary time, can explain the staggered extinctions of terrestrial, marine and flying reptiles, of invertebrate plankton feeders. Inherited protective devices and habits of surviving genera support this hypothesis. Increased radiation also explains the concurrent decrease in aridity indicated by the world-wide absence of marine salt and potash deposits from Maestrichtian, Danian, Paleocene and Eocene sediments, the poleward displacement of marine tropical faunas and the warm-temperate forests in high latitudes. A magnetic reversal is too brief an event to be responsible for the faunal changes; variations in solar radiation of the order of the Kelvin-Helmholtz time, or 30-40 million years, with superimposed shorter periodicities are a probable cause.

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Paleotemperature Analyses of Mesozoic Belemnoidea from Germany and Poland

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance

Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance

Zur Temperatur-Kurve der Oberen kreide in Europa

Effects of a variable sun at the beginning of the Cenozoic era

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