Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children

Garegnani, Luis; Styrmisdóttir, Lea; Rodríguez, Pablo Rosón; Liquitay, Camila Micaela Escobar; Esteban, Ignacio; Franco, Juan VA

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013757.pub2

Cited by 81 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…To date, the only pharmaceutical agent available to prevent severe RSV infection in children is the RSV-specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab [ 20 , 53 – 55 ]. Compared with placebo or no intervention, palivizumab has been shown to reduce RSV hospitalisation in high-risk infants in randomised trials, with a review of five trials reporting a risk ratio (RR) of 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.64) for such hospitalisations at 2-years’ follow up, although with little to no impact on mortality (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.42–1.15) [ 56 , 57 ]. However, palivizumab has not been studied in healthy children and it may be cost-effective only for some subgroups of high-risk children [ 53 ].…”

Section: Management Options For Prevention: a Public Health Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children in France: A Narrative Review of the Importance of a Reinforced Partnership Between Parents, Healthcare Professionals, and Public Health Authorities

et al. 2022

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The highly contagious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for up to approximately 50,000 hospitalisations during each RSV season in children aged under 5 years in France, with the burden greatest in infants younger than 1 year who were born at term. There is a need for a strategy to universally protect young children from RSV infection, and thereby reduce the pressure that RSV places every year on RSV-infected children, their parents, and French healthcare systems. Potential strategies currently undergoing clinical investigation include passive immunisation via maternal vaccination or administration of long-acting monoclonal antibodies at or soon after birth, followed by vaccination later in infancy or childhood. An ongoing partnership and collaboration between parents, public health authorities, and frontline primary healthcare will need to be reinforced once these new RSV prevention strategies are available, to facilitate their use and ensure that all children receive adequate protection from the start of their first RSV season.

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Section: Management Options For Prevention: a Public Health Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children in France: A Narrative Review of the Importance of a Reinforced Partnership Between Parents, Healthcare Professionals, and Public Health Authorities

et al. 2022

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“…El VSR es responsable de la mayoría de los casos de infección grave del tracto respiratorio inferior en todo el mundo, sin ( 1 4 ) e m b a r g o l o s c u a d r o s m á s s e ve r o s , l a s complicaciones y la mortalidad es mayor en países en (9) desarrollo . Aun en países desarrollados se reporta al VSR como el responsable de los cuadros severos de (15) bronquiolitis, en ausencia de comorbilidades .El anticuerpo monoclonal palivizumab reduce la infección y hospitalización por VSR principalmente en niños de alto riesgo de infección como prematuros y pacientes con comorbilidades., Sin embargo por su elevado costo, tiene disponibilidad limitada en países más pobres, y se desconoce el impacto que pueda tener en poblaciones con gran vulnerabilidad (16) social . Considerando la importancia del VSR en la gravedad del cuadro respiratorio, en nuestro estudio hemos recogido datos sobre el resultado del hisopado nasofaríngeo, pero lastimosamente, no fue realizado en todos los pacientes por falta de disponibilidad de reactivos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores clínicos y socioeconómicos asociados a bronquiolitis severa en lactantes menores de 24 meses. Estudio de caso control

Ozuna¹,

Mesquita²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2022

Pediatr (Asunción).

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Introducción: En países en desarrollo, además de las comorbilidades, otros factores podrían aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad respiratoria severa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los factores de riesgo clínicos, sociodemográficos y ambientales asociados al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) de lactantes menores de 24 meses con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis. Materiales y métodos Diseño: caso- control. Se incluyó a lactantes de 0 a 24 meses de edad con el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis severa que ingresaron a la UCIP y los controles fueron lactantes bronquiolitis leve a moderada, sin requerimiento de UCIP. Se excluyeron las historias clínicas incompletas e imposibilidad de comunicación con los padres. Variables: bajo peso de nacimiento, parto pretérmino y presencia de enfermedades de base (EB), nivel socioeconómico, lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de edad, exposición al humo ambiental y al tabaco. Los datos fueron analizados en SPSS V21. El comité de ética aprobó el estudio con consentimiento informado de los padres. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 220 pacientes. Caso control 1:1. En el análisis bivariado los casos se asoció la presencia de EB, bajo peso de nacimiento, prematuridad, bajo estrato socioeconómico y ausencia de LME hasta 6 meses En el análisis ajustado la bronquiolitis severa se asoció a presencia de EB, bajo estrato socioeconómico y ausencia de LME hasta los 6 meses. Conclusiones La bronquiolitis severa en lactantes menores de 24 meses, se asoció a la presencia de comorbilidades, falta de lactancia materna exclusiva y a la pertenencia a estratos socioeconómicos bajo.

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“…Passive immunotherapy with antibodies against antigens is a treatment approach that has long been utilized in various settings. Its utility has extended to targeted treatment and prevention of viral infection using purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the advent of Palivizumab, a single mAb treatment for respiratory syncytial virus ( 48 ) and, more recently the use of mAb cocktails in the fight against deadly viral outbreaks of Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 ( 49 – 52 ). Although a well-established approach, passive administration of allergen-specific mAbs presents a novel application of passive immunotherapy with the potential to provide a rapid and reliable treatment option for specific allergy ( Figure 1A ).…”

Section: Passive Administration Of Allergen Blocking Iggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologics as novel therapeutics for the treatment of allergy: Challenges and opportunities

et al. 2022

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Over the last 4 decades there has been a significant global increase in the incidence and prevalence of IgE-mediated allergy. Although much progress has been made in the management of allergy via patient education, pharmacotherapy and immunomodulatory treatment regimens, significant unmet need remains. Advancements in our knowledge base surrounding the type 2 immune response, production of IgE and maintenance of immunological memory has led the field to explore targeted intervention of allergic pathways using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Intervention at various stages of the allergic cascade offers the opportunity to prevent initiation and/or maintenance of the type 2 immune response and effectively provide therapeutic benefit to patients. Furthermore, a better understanding of the protective mechanisms involved in allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has led us to appreciate the interplay of immunoglobulins in the allergic response, specifically the benefit in shifting the IgG:IgE ratio in favor of functionally relevant blocking IgG. Thus, treatments that lower IgE or boost IgG with the ability to outcompete IgE binding to allergen also present a favorable approach in the treatment of allergy. In this short review we discuss and highlight recent advances in the use of biologics to treat severe allergy, highlighting the key challenges but also the significant opportunities and advances to date.

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Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children

Cited by 81 publications

References 104 publications

Preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children in France: A Narrative Review of the Importance of a Reinforced Partnership Between Parents, Healthcare Professionals, and Public Health Authorities

Preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children in France: A Narrative Review of the Importance of a Reinforced Partnership Between Parents, Healthcare Professionals, and Public Health Authorities

Factores clínicos y socioeconómicos asociados a bronquiolitis severa en lactantes menores de 24 meses. Estudio de caso control

Biologics as novel therapeutics for the treatment of allergy: Challenges and opportunities

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