Palladium Catalyst Supported on Zeolite for Cross-coupling Reactions: An Overview of Recent Advances

Abstract

Over the last 30-40 years, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions have gained immense importance for their use in synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important organic fragments. Heterogeneous Pd catalysts supported on porous materials, especially zeolites, have many advantages as they have high surface area with tunable acidity and basicity, hydrophobic and hydrophilic character, shape and size selectivity, as well as chemical and thermal stability. They also offer very easy recovery and reusability. This review covers the literature published on the synthesis and characterization of Pd catalysts supported on zeolites and their applications in various organic transformations.

From 3D to 2D zeolite catalytic materials

“…Zeolites have also been employed as supports for a wide variety of active phases in order to modify and complement their properties. [54][55][56][57][58][59] These active phases include metals, metal oxides, metal salts and metal complexes, generating materials with multifunctional properties and applications in a great variety of reactions in various sectors such as oil refining, petrochemistry, fine chemicals, waste valorization, pollutant removal in gaseous and liquid streams, biofuel production, etc.…”

An efficient and new protocol for the Heck reaction using palladium nanoparticle‐engineered dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐ether/MCM‐41 nanocomposite in water

“…For the continuance of the cycle, a base (K 2 CO 3 ) is needed for the conversion of hydridopalladium(II) complex [HPdXL] to the active Pd(0) catalyst. This mechanism is proposed based on reported literature …”

Engineered mesoporous ionic‐modified γ‐Fe2O3@hydroxyapatite decorated with palladium nanoparticles and its catalytic properties in water

“…As evident from Table , the IM‐MHA‐Pd nanocomposite can catalyse the Heck cross‐coupling reaction of various aryl halides with electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups with styrene and acrylic acid. A suggested mechanism for the Heck coupling reaction catalysed by IM‐MHA‐Pd is shown in Scheme , based on previous reports . Firstly, oxidative addition of Pd(0) catalyst gives a σ‐aryl Pd(II) complex.…”