Palladium complex embedded crosslinked polystyrene nanofibers as a green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for coupling reactions

Abstract

A simple and green chemical modification coupled with electrospinning technique has been developed to incorporate tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium [Pd(PPh3)4] inside crosslinked polystyrene nanofibers (Pd@CPS) as an efficient and stable heterogeneous palladium catalyst. The catalytic activities and recyclabilities of the prepared Pd@CPS catalyst have been evaluated by using Suzuki and Heck reactions of various aromatic halides separately with phenylboronic acid and alkenes. The Pd@CPS exhibited high‐catalytic activities for the Suzuki and Heck reactions of aromatic iodides to afford the products in excellent yields (coupling yields >88%). The catalytic activities and the nanofiber structure remained essentially unchanged even after recycling for five times. The high activities and stabilities of the prepared Pd@CPS catalyst can be attributed to the ultrafine fiber and embedment of palladium active species inside the nanofibers.

Imidazolium organometallic complex of palladium on Fe3O4 nanoparticles as selective and magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for C‐C cross‐coupling reactions

“…(1.42 mol%) Et 3 N, solvent-free, 100 C 60 96 68 Zhang et al [62] Pd-imi-CC@MCM-41/Fe 3 O 4 (2.27 mol%) Na 2 CO 3 , PEG-400, 120 C 80 96 32 Khodamorady and Bahrami [63] Pd-imidazolium@Fe 3 O 4 ( Hajjami and Shirvandi [67] Ru-dithizone@biochar-Ni MNPs Na 2 CO 3 , H 2 O, 80 C 9 0 9 6 -Moradi and Hajjami [68] CA/Pd(0) (0.5 mol%) K 2 CO 3 , water, 100 C 120 94 94 Faria et al [69] SBA-16-2 N-Pd (II) (0.5 mol%) K 2 CO 3 , ethanol, 60 C 120 97 97 Wang et al [70] Pd-imi-CC@MCM-41/Fe 3 O 4 ( [71] CA/Pd(0) (0.5 mol%) K 2 CO 3 , H 2 O, 100 C 120 94 94 Faria et al [69] Pd(0)-TBA@biochar Na 2 CO 3 , PEG-400, 80 C 125 96 64 Moradi et al [72] Pd-imidazolium@Fe 3 O 4 (1.11 The catalytic activity of Pd-imidazolium@Fe 3 O 4 NPs was also studied in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.…”

A palladium(0)–threonine complex immobilized on the surface of magnetic mesocellular foam: an efficient, stable, and magnetically separable nanocatalyst for Suzuki, Stille, and Heck cross-coupling reactions

“…[8][9][10] The most representative palladium catalysts are palladium salts or homogenous complexes coordinated with various phosphine ligands, providing excellent catalytic activity. [11][12][13] However, nothing is perfect, and this kind of homogeneous catalysis suffers from serious drawbacks, which limit their applications to a certain extent. 14,15 The most important inconvenience found in homogeneous catalyst deals with the fact that the catalyst cannot be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused.…”

BNPs@SiO2(CH2)3 -TAPC-O-(CH2)2NH2-Pd (0) as a Nanocatalyst for the Coupling Reactions and Removing of Organic Dyes

“…Up to now, various methods containing intermediate metals such as Mn (III/IV), Fe(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Co (II) and palladium have been documented in the literature for Suzuki and Heck reactions [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . Numerous solid-supports like Fe 3 O 4 24 , Nano-Silica (Pdnp-nSTDP) 25 , MCM41 26 , SBA-15 27 , polymers 28,29 , TiO 2 NPs 30 , polystyrene nano bers 31 , magnetic polymers 32 , mesoporous and C60 33,34 and magnetic-boehmite 35 have been used to prepare of pd-nano-catalysts.…”