Palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex derived from proline towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water at room temperature

Palladium(II)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application

“…Furthermore, mild reactions conditions, the use of green solvents and substrate tolerance are other superior features of the Suzuki reaction. Recently, research has focused on the development of new catalyst precursors which can catalyze the coupling reactions of unactivated and cheaper aryl chlorides with low catalyst concentrations and convenient solvents . Using mixtures of water and organic solvents in the Suzuki reaction promotes solvation of mineral bases to support the Suzuki reaction by activating arylboronic acid and has the ability to dissolve organic substrates and corresponding palladium catalysts.…”

“…Furthermore, water was tolerated in the synthesis of di‐ or tri‐substituted biaryls at ambient temperatures . There are several studies of the Suzuki reaction being performed in water as solvent, but to our knowledge there are comparatively few studies in the literature regarding the Suzuki reaction catalyzed in aqueous media by Pd–NHC. In 2010, Ying et al .…”

“…In 2011, Shao et al . reported that Pd–NHC complexes derived from proline could catalyze the Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromide and iodide in water at room temperature . Shao et al .…”

Crystal structure of (1-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl-κN)methyl)-3-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene–κC)dibromidopalladium(II), C18H25Br2N3Pd

“…Recent studies have showed that N-heterocyclic carbenemetal complexes derived from proline were e cient catalysts in C-C coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions [5][6][7][8][9]. The central palladium atom in the title complex is coordinated by one carbene ligand and the N atom in the pyrrolidine ring, which is also coordinated with two bromine atoms to give the nearly square planar coordination mode, as shown in the gure.…”

Preparation, characterization and application of silica‐supported palladium complex as a new and heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions

“…These reactions are generally catalyzed by soluble Pd complexes . Homogeneous palladium‐based catalysts are one of the most interesting systems for catalyzed carbon–carbon CCRs . However, homogeneous systems are accompanied by restrictions such as unproductive separation of products from the reaction mixture and the reduction of expensive metal complexes.…”