Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Zirconium Metal Organic Framework as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction

Abstract

Nanoparticles of zirconium metal organic framework UiO-66 (about 100 nm) have been used as proper supports for Pd nanoparticles. Highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (about 3-15 nm) were deposed on activated UiO-66 metal organic framework using simple wet impregnation method at room temperature. UiO-66 and the supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd/UiO-66) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Investigation of the catalytic performance of Pd/UiO-66 showed that the synthetic nanocomposites can effectively catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling reaction of benzeneboronic acid with different aryl halides under mild reaction conditions using environmentally benign solvents. In addition, the stability and reusability of the catalyst were studied during the catalytic reaction and it is worth noting that the structure of Pd/UiO-66 catalyst remains intact during the catalytic reaction and the catalyst can be recycled four times without significant decrease in its catalytic activity.

Engineering UiO‐66 Metal Organic Framework for Heterogeneous Catalysis

“…In another precedent, Pd@UiO-66 (average Pd NPs size 8.56 nm) promoted the cross-coupling reaction of iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid, achieving complete conversion and selectivity to biphenyl with a TON value of 172 using K 2 CO 3 as base at 80°C. [101] The catalyst can be recycled four times without significant decay in its catalytic activity.…”

Engineering Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts for C−C and C−X Coupling Reactions: Advances in Reticular Approaches from 2014–2018

“…Pourkhosravani et al [161] used Pd@UiO-66 (Figure41) for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. Palladization was carried out by using Pd(OAc) 2 .T he catalystw as characterized by using PXRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, ICP-OES, and BET.P XRD patterns showedt hat phase purity was retained upon activation and functionalization.…”

“…These include UiO-67 (Table 2, entry 1, refs. [158], [ 161], [ 166]), and IRMOF-3 (Table 2, entry 1, refs. [137a], [ 150]). [158], [ 161], [ 166]), and IRMOF-3 (Table 2, entry 1, refs. [137a], [ 150]).…”

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water in the presence of robust palladium immobilized on modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recoverable catalyst

“…The Suzuki–Miyaura C–C cross‐coupling reaction nowadays is of high importance in organic synthesis . This cross‐coupling reaction is generally done with precious metal palladium in the presence of hazardous, toxic, flammable and expensive ligands such as hindered phosphines and carbenes in harmful organic solvents like dimethylformamide, dioxane and toluene, usually at high temperatures and with long reaction times and low yields . Herein, we introduce Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles, functionalized by triazole as an efficient anchor for chelation of palladium.…”

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] This cross-coupling reaction is generally done with precious metal palladium in the presence of hazardous, toxic, flammable and expensive ligands such as hindered phosphines and carbenes in harmful organic solvents like dimethylformamide, dioxane and toluene, usually at high temperatures and with long reaction times and low yields. [29][30][31][32][33][34] Herein, we introduce Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles, functionalized by triazole as an efficient anchor for chelation of palladium. This catalyst has been successfully used in Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-coupling reactions.…”