Palm Oil Biodiesel as a Renewable Energy Resource in Indonesia: Current Status and Challenges

The use of biodiesel could affect the characteristic of elastomers. It may cause swelling degradation of strength and hardness of the elastomers. In this research, the influence of B30 palm-based biodiesel blends upon degradation of elastomers was investigated, especially elastomers used in the industrial gasket or seal materials, including ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and fluoroelastomer. The tests were carried out by immersing the elastomers in static B30 (30% biodiesel in diesel) at room temperature (27 – 30 oC) for 1007 h. The elastomeric strength was tested physically by measuring the swelling of mass and volume, hardness, and tensile strength at the 71, 167, 671, and 1007 h immersion time. The results show that fluoroelastomer has a more negligible degradation effect than ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of B30 palm-based biodiesel blends upon degradation of elastomers

Solikhah¹,

Wimada²,

Arisanti³

et al. 2022

“…From its beginning in 2009, the target mix of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in biodiesel was 20 percent (B20) for 2025. Later, this target was included in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Regulation Number 12/2015, which B30 has been committed to implementing from early 2020 to 2025 [2]. However, this policy is planned to be accelerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Biodiesel Policy in Indonesia

Widrian

Arifianto

Nurbaiti

et al. 2022

Indonesia is known as an energy-rich country, both fossil and renewable. In 2019, the national energy supply still relied on oil, coal and natural gas, with a total proportion in the primary energy mix of 91.5%. Import dependency on petroleum and the high burden of the state budget for fuel subsidies are why the Indonesian Government implements biofuel policies in Indonesia. Biofuel development in Indonesia has been implemented from 2006 with Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 41 of 2018. Since 2008, the Government has issued a mandatory policy for using biodiesel with a mixture content of 2.5%. The Government gradually encouraged increasing biodiesel content to 7.5% in 2010, 10% in 2011, 15% in 2015, and 20% in 2016. By 2020, biodiesel mandatory is targeted to be 30%. Over the years, the biodiesel industry has shown an increase in quantity and capacity. Using biofuels has many positive impacts, such as reducing diesel import and CO2 emission and increasing CPO and labour’s added value. On the other hand, the mandatory biofuel policy negatively impacts the environment due to the possibility of land expansion. This study aims to review biodiesel policies in Indonesia since 2006 and analyze the problems and outputs in each policy and challenge for future biodiesel development.

“…Indonesia is one of the most biodiesel producers in the world with a total production capacity of around 12 million kL in 2020 [13]. Since 2006 the government of Indonesia has issued a policy concerning the utilization of biodiesel as a fossil fuel substitute called the biodiesel mandatory program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bio-additive Derived from Essential Oils on Particulate Matter and Water Content of B30 (30% of Biodiesel Blended Fuel)

Rusli

Septyan

Farobie

2022

Self Cite

Indonesia is one of the most biodiesel producers globally, with a total production capacity of around 12 million kL in 2020. Recently, Indonesia has been implementing a mandatory biodiesel program with at least 30% (B30). However, the utilization of B30 still has challenges faced regarding carbon deposition and water content. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of bio-additive from essential oil to reduce the particulate as well as the water content of B30. A single essential oil of clove terpene, rhodinol, and turpentine oil, as well as their mixtures, were used in this study. A concentration of 0.5% was used for a single essential oil of clove terpene, rhodinol, and turpentine oil. Meanwhile, the concentrations of clove terpene, rhodinol, and turpentine oil mixtures were 1: 1: 8 (BA1); 0.33: 0.67: 8 (BA2); 0.5: 1.5: 8 (BA3). For the case of single essential oil, the largest reduction in the particulate matter as much as 38.26, 62.85, and 91.11% was found by adding 0.5% clove terpene at 4, 6, and 14-μm filtration, respectively. Furthermore, the best reduction in water content was observed with the addition of turpentine, reducing the water content of B30 from 312 to 282 ppm.