Indonesia is known as an energy-rich country, both fossil and renewable. In 2019, the national energy supply still relied on oil, coal and natural gas, with a total proportion in the primary energy mix of 91.5%. Import dependency on petroleum and the high burden of the state budget for fuel subsidies are why the Indonesian Government implements biofuel policies in Indonesia. Biofuel development in Indonesia has been implemented from 2006 with Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 41 of 2018. Since 2008, the Government has issued a mandatory policy for using biodiesel with a mixture content of 2.5%. The Government gradually encouraged increasing biodiesel content to 7.5% in 2010, 10% in 2011, 15% in 2015, and 20% in 2016. By 2020, biodiesel mandatory is targeted to be 30%. Over the years, the biodiesel industry has shown an increase in quantity and capacity. Using biofuels has many positive impacts, such as reducing diesel import and CO2 emission and increasing CPO and labour’s added value. On the other hand, the mandatory biofuel policy negatively impacts the environment due to the possibility of land expansion. This study aims to review biodiesel policies in Indonesia since 2006 and analyze the problems and outputs in each policy and challenge for future biodiesel development.

Energy needs are always increasing in various sectors of life. Indonesia, which is below the equator, has extraordinary advantages, one of which is its high potential for solar energy. With high sun exposure throughout the year, Indonesia has the potential to use it to generate electrical energy. One of the biggest energy needs is transportation needs. To be in line with the energy mix agenda with energy sustainability, it is necessary to implement the use of clean energy in the transportation sector. Indonesia needs to increase the use of environmentally-friendly vehicles as an action to implement clean energy. The development of electric vehicles is considered appropriate as a solution and the government's efforts to seriously apply it can be seen from the stipulation of Presidential Decree 55/2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery Electric Vehicle Program for Road Transportation. The program must be supported by the provision of energy, namely the construction of supporting infrastructure in the form of electric charging stations. Indonesia's geographical condition with the government's and the world's mission in realizing clean energy can be done by using PV as energy to support the availability of electricity at electric charging stations with smart grid integration for land electric vehicles. This study was conducted with a qualitative method using data collection. This has a positive long-term value so that Indonesia's energy development and development goals are in line with the concept of sustainability so that in the future the use of energy in society is the use of environmentally friendly energy.

No abstract