Palm oil: Features and applications

Norhaizan, Mohd Esa; Hosseini, Soraya; Gangadaran, Surendiran; Lee, Sin Tien; Kapourchali, Fatemeh Ramezani; Moghadasian, Mohammed H.

doi:10.1002/lite.201300254

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Soap, hand and body lotions, fatty acid methyl esters, and epoxidized palm oil are the main industrial products that are produced from palm oil. It is also an excellent frying oil due to its non-sticky and non-foaming characteristics (NORHAIZAN et al, 2013), indicating that the lipids produced by L. starkeyi have great potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production and other oleochemical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Cultivations of the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi

Anschau¹,

Franco²

2015

Anais Do v Simpósio De Bioquímica E Biotecnologia

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Oleaginous yeasts are microbial factories capable of converting carbohydrates into lipids. The transesterification of these lipids results in the production of biodiesel. The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is an excellent lipid producer. To attain parameters for the understanding of the lipid production process, we performed continuous cultivations using glucose and xylose as carbon sources. The highest overall cell yield of 0.443 g/g and lipid yield of 0.236 g/g was observed at the dilution rate of 0.03 h -1 while the highest cell and lipid productivities were obtained at 0.06 h -1 . Gas chromatography analysis of the esterified lipids indicated that the major constituents of this complex are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid with an estimated cetane number (approximately 61) similar to that of palm biodiesel, which is important for biofuel production. These data should be very helpful to develop and design more efficient bioprocesses for microbial lipid production. Palavras-chave: oleaginous yeast, dilution rate, biodiesel. Universidade Estadual de Londrina -Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 -Campus Universitário Caixa Postal 10.011 CEP 86057-970 Centro de Ciências Exatas -Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia Fone +55 (43) 3371.4270 -biq@uel.br Universidade Estadual de Londrina -Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380 -Campus Universitário Caixa Postal 10.011 CEP 86057-970 Centro de Ciências Exatas -Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia Fone +55 (43) 3371.4270 -biq@uel.brmechanism underlying the assimilation of these sugars is crucial for the further development of this industrial process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Cultivations of the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi

Anschau¹,

Franco²

2015

Anais Do v Simpósio De Bioquímica E Biotecnologia

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“…A research made by our group demonstrated that the mean of carotenes in the industrial CPO processed in Bahia were 526.77 μg·g −1 (Almeida et al, 2013) and this carotenoid value is extremely high when compared to other oils: sunflower (8.5±0.7 mg·L −1 ) and extra virgin olive oil (11.0±0.3 mg·L −1 ) (Andreu-Sevilla et al, 2008). On the other hand, CPO contains unusually high levels of tocotrienols (Norhaizan et al, 2013;Berger, 2005). Most other common vegetable oils have negligible contents of tocotrienols (Lin, 2011).…”

Section: Total Polar Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…and is consumed as crude palm oil (CPO) in Africa, Southeast Asia and Brazil. Unrefined palm oil is orange-red in color and contains triglycerides with approximately 50% saturated fatty acids, 40% monounsaturated and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with carotenoids and vitamin E (Norhaizan et al, 2013;Sampaio et al, 2013). By fractionation, a liquid fraction (palm olein, rich in unsaturated compounds) and a solid fraction (palm stearin, rich in saturated compounds) can be obtained and used for different purposes in the food industry (Lin, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological assessment of crude palm oil (<em>Elaeis</em> guineensis Jacq.) used in deep frying of akara (cowpea paste finger food)

Felzenszwalb¹,

Mazzei²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2014

Grasas y Aceites

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Akara is cowpea paste which is deep-fried in crude palm oil (CPO; Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and sold as a street finger food in Brazil and Africa. During the food frying oils can form toxic decomposition products as total polar compounds (TPC), which can determinate oil degradation. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of CPO used in akara frying for 25 hours. Changes in the oil were determined by TPC quantification and mutagenicity using a Salmonella/microssome assay with Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Assuming that 25% TPC is the maximum level permitted in frying oils and it ranged from 14.08 to 29.81%, frying palm oil exceeded the limit. Nonetheless, no cytotoxic, mutagenic or genotoxic activity were detected in CPO used in the traditional akara frying process. RESUMEN: Evaluación toxicológica de aceite crudo de palma (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) usado en fritura de akara (tapa de pasta de frijol).Akara es una tapa hecha de pasta de frijol frito en aceite de palma crudo (CPO; Elaeis guineensis), que se vende en las calles de Brasil y África. Durante la fritura de alimentos, los aceites pueden formar productos de descomposición tóxicos como los compuestos polares totales (TPC), que determinan la degradación del aceite. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la toxicidad de CPO utilizado en 25 horas de frituras de akara. Los cambios en el aceite se determinaron mediante la cuantificación de TPC y ensayos de mutagenicidad en Salmonella/microsomas usando cepas de Salmonella Typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 y TA102 con y sin activación metabólica exógena. Se asume que el 25% de TPC es el nivel máximo permitido, los aceites de fritura oscilaron desde 14,08 hasta 29,81%. Ningún CPO utilizado en el proceso de akara tradicional mostró ser citotóxico, ni tener actividad mutagénica o genotóxica.

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“…In terms of food crops, CPO at approximately 2 million tonnes is the leading vegetable oil in Thailand, and 1.09 million tonnes of refined palm oil (RPO) was produced in the years -2017(Office of Agricultural Economics, 2018. Palm oil is a relatively inexpensive vegetable oil, the more expensive edible oils including soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oils (Norhaizan et al, 2013). CPO can be extracted from palm fruit by two methods, namely by wet or dry extraction (Azeman et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palm fruit are then extracted using a double screw press. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in CPO from this wet method is below 5 wt.% (Norhaizan et al, 2013). Regarding dry extraction, the palm fruit are first heated with hot air, followed by extraction in a single screw press, in small-scale palm oil plants (Mba et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface methodology optimization of oil extraction from oil palm meal (OPM) with hydrous ethanol and its pilot-scale application with recirculation of extraction solvent

et al. 2019

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In the small-scale dry oil extraction from palm fruit used by palm oil mills, mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) is extracted using a single screw press. The oil palm meal (OPM) by-product can be used as alternative feed for ruminants. Three parameters in further solvent extraction of oil are the ethanol-to-dried oil palm meal (DOPM) ratio (4.9-30.1 g.g -1 ), the extraction time (0.2-18.8 min), and the speed of stirrer (48-552 rpm). These parameters were optimized to for maximum oil yield by response surface methodology (RSM) while employing hydrous ethanol as the solvent. In our laboratory-scale oil extraction, the maximal experimental yield was 10.27 wt.% under the recommend condition: 20.1 g.g -1 ethanol-to-DOPM ratio, 11 min extraction time, and 300 rpm speed of stirrer. Moreover, prototype-scale oil extraction was tested with recirculated miscella for effects of the number of cycles on oil extraction from fresh DOPM. The results showed approximately 17.4 wt.% oil yield from 5000 g DOPM at the conditions recommended based on laboratory-scale experiments. In this study, recirculated miscella was used to extract oil from fresh DOPM. The first four cycles of oil extraction were almost as efficient as with fresh ethanol. Moreover, the protein content in the defatted oil palm meal (DFOPM) improved with oil extraction, because residual oil in DOPM was removed. The DFOPM should have less rancidity and longer shelf-life than DOPM. 2 _coefficient of determination; SEM_scanning electron microscopy; SS_sum of squares; TG_triglyceride; TLC/FID_thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection; Y_response variable; vol.%_percentage by volume; wt.%_percentage by weight.

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Palm oil: Features and applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Continuous Cultivations of the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi

Continuous Cultivations of the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi

Toxicological assessment of crude palm oil (<em>Elaeis</em> guineensis Jacq.) used in deep frying of akara (cowpea paste finger food)

Response surface methodology optimization of oil extraction from oil palm meal (OPM) with hydrous ethanol and its pilot-scale application with recirculation of extraction solvent

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