Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties

Amran, Mugahed; Murali, G.; Fediuk, Roman; Vatin, Nikolai; Vasilev, Yuriy; Abdelgader, Hakim S.

doi:10.3390/ma14020332

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(655 reference statements)

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“…Linear shrinkage is when the contained water content reduced from a specific range reaches the maximum loss of moisture content and there is no more volume change. Linear shrinkage is a sign that indicates the soil reactivity but not necessarily the particular clay present in the soil [51].…”

Section: Test Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Early Properties of Treated Soft Kaolin Clay with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Gypsum

et al. 2021

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Soft soil problems and increased production of fuel waste have emerged due to world population growth. These two problems are prompting engineers to introduce new methods of using waste fuel to stabilize the soil. Previous research has shown clear sustained improvements in soil properties using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) when mixed with a calcium-based binder such as NaCl, lime or cement. The use of such a stabilizing agent can reduce the economic problems associated with reducing the cost of waste disposal and create a sustainable ecological system. It is an alternative method of replacing part of the soil to ensure a balance between economic growth and ecological privilege, leading to the achievement of green technology goals. However, this research is aimed at improving the properties of processed soft kaolin clay with a combination of POFA and gypsum. The physical and mechanical properties of all samples were tested. The results showed a decrease in the specific gravity with the addition of POFA and an increase with gypsum alone, as well as a decrease with a mixture of POFA and gypsum and a decrease in the soil plasticity index due to a better increase in the plasticity limit compared to the liquid limit. This is considered a sign of improved geotechnical properties and reduced linear shrinkage. It was also shown that the treated clay showed an increase in the optimal water content and a drop in the maximum dry density. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the initial properties of the processed soft kaolin clay with the addition of POFA can be significantly improved.

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Section: Test Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Early Properties of Treated Soft Kaolin Clay with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Gypsum

et al. 2021

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“…It was also reported that annually OPC production releases about 1.5 billion tons of CO 2 globally, which is corresponding to about 9% of the worldwide total CO 2 emission globally [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. For resolving this global environmental issue of cement production, numerous studies have been performed to find out a sustainable and eco-friendly supplementary cementitious material (SCM) as an alternative to cement in concrete production [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concretes: A Comprehensive Review of the Short-Term Properties

et al. 2021

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Development of sustainable concrete as an alternative to conventional concrete helps in reducing carbon dioxide footprint associated with the use of cement and disposal of waste materials in landfill. One way to achieve that is the use of fly ash (FA) as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) because FA is a pozzolanic material and has a high amount of alumina and silica content. Because of its excellent mechanical properties, several studies have been conducted to investigate the use of alkali-activated FA-based concrete as an alternative to conventional concrete. FA, as an industrial by-product, occupies land, thereby causing environmental pollution and health problems. FA-based concrete has numerous advantages, such as it has early strength gaining, it uses low natural resources, and it can be configurated into different structural elements. This study initially presents a review of the classifications, sources, chemical composition, curing regimes and clean production of FA. Then, physical, fresh, and mechanical properties of FA-based concretes are studied. This review helps in better understanding of the behavior of FA-based concrete as a sustainable and eco-friendly material used in construction and building industries.

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“…The invention of self-compacting concrete, however, has led researchers to think about the flow characteristics [31]. In the current circumstance, self-compacting concrete is unavoidable in the construction industry [32][33][34][35]. Various mineral admixtures are added to the concrete to make it self-compacting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior and Strength Characteristics of Cement Paste and Mortar with Fly Ash and GGBS Admixtures

et al. 2021

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A cement paste or mortar is composed of a mineral skeleton with micron to millimeter-sized grains, surrounded by water filaments. The cohesion or shear resistance in the cement paste and mortar is caused by capillary forces of action. In the case of mortar mixes, there is friction between the particles. Therefore, the mortar mixture shows both friction between particles and cohesion, while the paste shows only cohesion, and the friction between particles is negligible. The property of the cement paste is greatly influenced by the rheological characteristics like cohesion and internal angle friction. It is also interesting that when studying the rheology of fresh concrete, the rheological behavior of cement paste and mortar has direct applicability. In this paper, the rheological characteristics of cement paste and mortar with and without mineral admixtures, that is, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), were studied. A cement mortar mix with a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 was investigated, including fly ash replacement from 10% to 40%, and GGBS from 10% to 70% of the weight of the cement. A suitable blend of fly ash, GGBS, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was also selected to determine rheological parameters. For mortar mixtures, the flow table was conducted for workability studies. The flexural and split tensile strength tests were conducted on various mortar mixtures for different curing times. The results indicate that in the presence of a mineral mixture of fly ash and GGBS, the rheological behavior of paste and mortar is similar. Compared with OPC-GGBS-based mixtures, both cement with fly ash and ternary mixtures show less shear resistance or impact resistance. The rheological behavior of the mortar also matches the rheological behavior in the flow table test. Therefore, it is easy to use the vane shear test equipment to conduct cohesion studies to understand the properties of cement paste and mortar using mineral admixtures. The strength results show that the long-term strength of GGBS-based mixtures and ternary mixed mixtures is better than that of fly-ash-based mixtures. For all mixtures, the strength characteristics are greatest at a w/b ratio of 0.6.

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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties

Cited by 52 publications

References 131 publications

Improving the Early Properties of Treated Soft Kaolin Clay with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Gypsum

Improving the Early Properties of Treated Soft Kaolin Clay with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Gypsum

Fly Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concretes: A Comprehensive Review of the Short-Term Properties

Rheological Behavior and Strength Characteristics of Cement Paste and Mortar with Fly Ash and GGBS Admixtures

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