PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSES, CHEMICAL and MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME HONEYBEE POLLEN PELLETS

Abstract

Bee products have gained popularity in recent years as food, dietary supplements and adjuvant products due to their extraordinary health properties. Globally, bee pollen is the second most consumed product after honey, has a special importance as a male reproductive unit of flowers, as well as a rich nutrient material, as it contains the oral secretions of the honeybee. In this study, palynological identification of bee pollen collected from apiaries from different regions was made. The bee pollen content was found to be consisting of dry matter between 71.47-81.38%, protein between 17.5-26.0%, fat 5.84-10.95%, and ash content 2.02-2.44%. Moreover, the most common mineral elements in pollen were calcium, potassium, magnesium, silicium, sodium and iron. Besides, heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium and lead have been detected in bee pollen samples that is a result of the increased environmental pollution and have negative effects on health. Therefore, in bee pollen production, identification, determination of nutritional quality and standardization of pollen are very important for producers and consumers. Keywords: Bee pollen, palynological analysis, protein and mineral content chemical composition ÖZ Arı ürünleri sağlık açısından olağanüstü özellikleri nedeniyle son yıllarda gıda, gıda takviyesi ve destekleyici ürünler olarak ilgi görmektedir. Dünyada baldan sonra tüketimi hızla artan arı poleni, çiçeklerin erkek üreme birimi olarak zengin bir besin maddesi yanında, bal arısının ağız salgıları içermesiyle ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada farklı bölgelerdeki arılıklardan toplanan arı polenlerinin olarak palinolojik tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Polen içeriğinin belirlenmesine yönelik yapılan analizlerde kuru madde %71,47-81,38 aralığında, protein %17,5-26,0 aralığında, yağ %5,84-10,95 ve kül miktarı ise %2,02-2,44 arasında bulunmuştur. Mineral madde kompozisyonuna bakıldığında en çok bulunanlar; kalsiyum, potasyum, magnezyum, silisyum, sodyum ve demir elementidir. Çevre kirliliğinin artmasının bir sonucu olan ve sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri bulunan ağır metallerden ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ / RESEARCH ARTICLE

Palynological, Antioxidant and Physicochemical Properties of Pollen Loads from Eastern Anatolia

“…In this study, the most common pollen grains from the plant families of Salicaeae (30.93%), Fabaceae (8.63%), Brassicaceae (8.37%) and Cistaceae (7.45%) were found in pollen samples, respectively. The results found are compatible with the literature (Bay et al, 2021). Taxa of Salix sp., Papaver sp., Cistus sp.…”

Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of bee pollen from Burkina Faso

“…On the other hand, the iron content obtained in the same locality was higher than the iron content obtained by Heldt et al (2019) (5.00 mg/100 g), El Ghouizi et al (2021) (6.88 mg/100 g) and Veysel et al (2021) (7.481 mg/100 g). The sodium content obtained from pollen from Banfora was lower than the sodium content obtained by Heldt et al (2019) (36 mg/100 g) and El Ghouizi et al (2021) (39.722 mg/100 g) but higher than the content (6.465 mg/100 g) obtained by Veysel et al (2021). The botanical origin and the nature of the species foraged may be the cause of this difference in results (Younsi and Lazizi, 2016).…”

“…Total carbohydrate contents obtained from pollen samples from the localities of Koudougou, Sapouy and Bobo Dioulasso were higher than those obtained by Heldt et al (2019) (15.50 g/100 g) but lower than that of Aličić et al (2020) (73.76 g/100 g). Total ash contents obtained from pollen samples from the localities of Banfora, Fada N'Gourma and Koudougou were superior to those obtained by Souza et al (2018) (2.83 g/100 g), Heldt et al (2019) (2.22 g/100 g), El Ghouizi et al (2021) (4.22 g/100 g), Aličić et al (2020) (3.08 g/100 g), Okumus et al (2018) (2.45 g/100 g), and Veysel et al (2021) (2.44 g/100 g). The energy values obtained from the pollen samples from the localities of Tenkodogo, Banfora and Koudougou were higher than those obtained in the region of South America (Argentina and Brasil) by Souza et al (2018) (368 Kcal/ 100 g of pollen).…”

“…The fat contents obtained from pollen samples from the localities of Banfora, Tenkodogo and Bobo Dioulasso were higher than those obtained by Souza et al (2018) (14 g/100 g), Heldt et al (2019) (4.64 g/100 g), Aličić et al (2020) (6.78 g/100 g), Okumus et al (2018) (13.30 g/100 g), Veysel et al (2021) (10.951 g/100 g). The protein contents obtained from pollen samples from the localities of Fada N'Gourma, Tenkodogo and Sapouy were higher than those obtained by Souza et al (2018) (26.76 g/100 g), Liolios et al (2016), (30.11 g/100 g), Heldt et al (2019), (21.35 g/100 g) and El Ghouizi et al (2021) (30.32 g/100 g).…”