Palynology and paleoecology of the Middle Miocene Alum Bluff flora, Liberty County, Florida, USA

Jarzen, David M.; Corbett, Sarah L.; Manchester, Steven R.

doi:10.1080/01916122.2010.510824

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…1, No. 12) indicate warm-temperate conditions (e.g., Jarzen et al, 2010). The plant associations found in early/middle Miocene sediments from the NJSS are very similar to those encountered in similar-aged marine/marginal marine sediments from Atlantic Western Europe (e.g., Larsson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Middle Miocene (Langhian/serravallian ∼ 16 To ∼ 116 Ma)supporting

confidence: 53%

Vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain from 33 to 13 million years ago (IODP Expedition 313)

Kotthoff¹,

Greenwood²,

McCarthy³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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Abstract. We have investigated the palynology of sediment cores from Sites M0027 and M0029 of IODP Expedition 313 on the New Jersey shallow shelf, east coast of North America, spanning an age range of 33 to 13 million years before present. Additionally, a pollen assemblage from the Pleistocene was examined. The palynological results were statistically analyzed and complemented with pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions. Transport-related bias of the pollen assemblages was identified via analysis of the ratio of terrestrial to marine palynomorphs, and considered when interpreting palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate from the pollen data. Results indicate that from the early Oligocene to the middle Miocene, the hinterland vegetation of the New Jersey shelf was characterized by oak-hickory forests in the lowlands and conifer-dominated vegetation in the highlands. The Oligocene witnessed several expansions of conifer forest, probably related to cooling events. The pollen-based climate data imply an increase in annual temperatures from ~12 °C to more than 15 °C during the Oligocene. The Mi-1 cooling event at the onset of the Miocene is reflected by an expansion of conifers and an annual temperature decrease by almost 3 °C, from 15 °C to 12.5 °C around 23 million years before present. Particularly low annual temperatures are also recorded for an interval around ~20 million years before present, which probably reflects the Mi-1aa cooling event. Generally, the Miocene ecosystem and climate conditions were very similar to those of the Oligocene in the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf. Miocene grasslands, as known from other areas in the USA during that time period, are not evident for the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf. Surprisingly, the palaeovegetation data for the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf do not show extraordinary changes during the Mid-Miocene climatic optimum at ~15 million years before present, except for a minor increase in deciduous-evergreen mixed forest taxa and a decrease in swamp forest taxa. Pollen-based annual temperature reconstructions show average annual temperatures of ~14 °C during the Mid-Miocene climatic optimum. We conclude that vegetation and regional climate in the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf did not react as sensitively to Oligocene and Miocene climate changes as other regions in North America or Europe. An additional explanation for the relatively low regional temperatures reconstructed for the Mid-Miocene climatic optimum could be an uplift of the Appalachian Mountains during the Miocene. The Pleistocene pollen assemblage probably derives from the Marine Isotope Chron 7 or 5e and shows climate conditions similar to present-day.

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Section: Middle Miocene (Langhian/serravallian ∼ 16 To ∼ 116 Ma)supporting

confidence: 53%

Vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain from 33 to 13 million years ago (IODP Expedition 313)

Kotthoff¹,

Greenwood²,

McCarthy³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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“…A diverse middle Miocene paleoflora from the Florida Panhandle provides information on the vegetation and climate of Florida during the time period shortly after the early Miocene Thomas Farm LF. Jarzen et al (2010) reviewed the palynology and Lott et al (2019) reviewed the macroplant remains from the Alum Bluff flora in the Fort Preston Formation along the Apalachicola River in the central Florida Panhandle (Latitude: 30°28'N). The Alum Bluff flora has been dated as middle Miocene (early Barstovian NALMA; ~16 Ma) based on an associated land mammal fauna consisting of four taxa of ungulates, as well as molluscan biostratigraphy and strontium isotope chronology of underlying and overlying marine units (Bryant et al, 1992).…”

Section: Taphonomy and Paleoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in more detail above under Paleoecology, the occurrence of a diverse fauna of bats with tropical affinities corroborates a tropical or subtropical climate in peninsular Florida during the Oligocene and early Miocene. The disappearance of Neotropical bats from Florida after the early Miocene suggests a change to a more temperate climate as indicated by the presence of a middle Miocene paleoflora in the Florida panhandle with warm temperate affinities (Jarzen et al, 2010;Lott et al, 2019). The rarity of bats with tropical affini-ties from North American Tertiary sites outside of Florida probably reflects the more temperate climate in western North America after the Eocene (Czaplewski et al, 2008;Morgan and Czaplewski, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New bats in the tropical family Emballonuridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Oligocene and early Miocene of Florida

Morgan,

Czaplewski

2023

FLMNH

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Three new genera and four new species in the tropical bat family Emballonuridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are described from the Oligocene and early Miocene of peninsular Florida. These are: a new genus Oligopteryx and two new species, O. floridanus and O. hamaxitos, from the late Oligocene (early Arikareean) Brooksville 2 Local Fauna in Hernando County, with referred specimens of each species from the early Oligocene (Whitneyan) I-75 Local Fauna in Alachua County; a new genus and species, Karstopteryx gunnelli, from the latest Oligocene (late Arikareean) Buda Local Fauna in Alachua County; and a new genus and species, Floridopteryx poyeri, from the early Miocene (early Hemingfordian) Thomas Farm Local Fauna in Gilchrist County.Characters that distinguish Oligopteryx from other emballonurid genera are: M1 with a much reduced parastylar region and a large talon with a triangular posterolingual extension; M1 and M2 with a prominent hypocone separated from the protocone by a deep, V-shaped notch in the postprotocrista, and deeply concave talon basin; small, single-rooted p3; m1 and m2 with the trigonid narrower and shorter than the talonid, the paraconid and metaconid located close together along the lingual margin, and the entocristid blade-like, V-shaped, and oriented labially. O. hamaxitos is distinguished from O. floridanus by its smaller size and well-developed paraloph and metaloph on M1 and M2. Karstopteryx gunnelli is separated from the two species of Oligopteryx by the prominent parastyle, anteriorly oriented preparacrista, and rounded talon. Floridopteryx poyeri is characterized by: M1 with a highly reduced parastylar region but with a well-developed parastyle, short preparacrista, small hypocone not separated from the protocone by a notch in the postprotocrista, and a squarish talon; m1/m2 with the talonid much broader than the trigonid, trigonid compressed, shorter than talonid, and with the paraconid and metaconid close together along the lingual margin, large hypoconulid, and anterior root flattened and compressed anteroposteriorly (m1 only). Oligopteryx and Karstopteryx are considered members of the subfamily Emballonurinae based on the reduced parastylar region of the M1 but are left unassigned at the tribal level. Oligopteryx differs from all living emballonurids in the presence of a p3. Floridopteryx has a reduced parastylar region on M1 and is also considered an emballonurine, but can be separated from Oligopteryx by the presence of a prominent parastyle and lack of a p3. Floridopteryx is placed in the monophyletic New World emballonurine tribe Diclidurini. Taphonomy indicates Oligopteryx was a colonial cave dweller, whereas Floridopteryx more likely roosted in trees, as do most living Neotropical emballonurids. A change from a tropical or subtropical climate in Florida in the Oligocene and early Miocene to a warm temperate climate from the middle Miocene to the present is reflected in the disappearance of emballonurids from Florida after the early Miocene. Molecular studies indicate the Emballonurid...

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“…Other nearby Neogene localities include the Hattiesburg Formation and Alum Bluff floras (Berry, 1916c); however, these are currently under reinvestigation and cannot be readily compared to the Citronelle flora at this time. The palynoflora of Alum Bluff suggests a warm temperate flora with some Eurasian elements such as Paliurus (Jarzen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Floral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

Stults

Axsmith

2015

Palaeontologia Electronica

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The late Pliocene was an important time of relatively recent global warmth, and it heralded the end of Neogene Epoch. However, plant fossils from this time are uncommon in North America. This study provides detailed descriptions of 23 plant fossil taxa representing 14 woody angiosperm families from the late Pliocene (mid-Piacenzian) Citronelle Formation in coastal Alabama. This is the only significant late Pliocene megafossil plant assemblage in eastern North America, and one of the few from the entire Neogene of this region. Many are first records of their kind, and several are confidently identified to the species level. Overall, the floral composition is similar to that of the modern Gulf Coast. These findings, along with previous records, form the basis of quantitative paleoclimate estimates using leaf margin analysis (LMA), the Coexistence Approach (CoA), the Bioclimatic Analysis/Mutual Climate Range Technique (BA/ MCRT), and the climate leaf multivariate program (CLAMP). The CLAMP analysis had the highest site-to-site disparity and provided anomalously low mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) values. The LMA, CoA analysis, and BA/MCRT results are likely better proxies in this case, as the climate estimates obtained are closer to independent proxies and modern values. The BA/MCRT MAT results were most convincing at 18ºC. Nevertheless, higher MAT results were expected, as the mid-Piacenzian was a time of global warmth. Precipitation estimates below modern values obtained in all the relevant analyses are consistent with the presence of white pine in the Citronelle flora.

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Palynology and paleoecology of the Middle Miocene Alum Bluff flora, Liberty County, Florida, USA

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain from 33 to 13 million years ago (IODP Expedition 313)

Vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain from 33 to 13 million years ago (IODP Expedition 313)

New bats in the tropical family Emballonuridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Oligocene and early Miocene of Florida

New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

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