“…The hourly resolution SAFRAN meteorological conditions are used as input to the detailed, multilayer snow cover model Crocus, resolving natural processes occurring in the snow cover and at its interfaces with the underlying ground and overlying atmosphere (Vionnet et al, 2012). In its Resort version (Spandre et al, 2016), the Crocus model is also equipped with dedicated options for representing snow grooming and snowmaking, in terms of both their physical characteristics and their typical management operation timing and snowmaking production rate (Spandre et al, 2016(Spandre et al, , 2019Hanzer et al, 2020;Morin et al, 2021). Crocus model runs were carried out for each relevant SAFRAN massif and all elevations, not only on flat terrain but also for eight main orientations (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) and slope angles of 10, 20, 30 and 40 • .…”