Pans in the Southern Great Plains Soils. I. Why Root‐Restricting Pans Occur<sup>1</sup>

Taylor, H. M.; Mathers, A. C.; Lotspeich, Frederick B.

doi:10.2134/agronj1964.00021962005600030023x

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The effect of reduced water supply was more severe in the highly compacted pots, and was more severe in the clay loam than in the sandy loam soil. This is consistent with the results of Taylor and Gardner (1963), and Taylor et al (1964), who showed that soils gain strength and resist root penetration when they are compacted, and compacted soils gain additional strength as they become drier. Soil strength also increases with clay content (Mathers et al 1966).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Buttery¹,

Tan²,

Drury³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 571-576. In field tests we have observed year-to-year differences in the severity of the effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean; these differences appeared to be related to the amount of rainfall during the growing season. We decided to use better controlled conditions in the greenhouse, and extend the scope of the study to another legume crop and a different soil type, in order to investigate the hypothesis that copious water supply alleviates the adverse effects of soil compaction on nodulation and plant growth.The effects of two levels of soil compaction and of high and low water supply on the growth and nodulation of common bean and soybean were investigated in separate pot tests using a Fox sandy loam and a Brookston clay loam soil.Root growth of both species was severely restricted by dry compacted conditions. Plant growth as a whole was clearly reduced by both increased compaction and by reduced water supply, presumably mediated by the effects on root growth. The effect of reduced water supply was more severe in the highly compacted pots, and more severe in the clay loam than in the sandy loam.In the sandy loam, low moisture reduced nodule numbers and weights in both species, while increased bulk density reduced the numbers of nodules but not the dry weights. In the clay loam, nodule weights and numbers were very low, presumably, owing to high levels of nitrate, which may have resulted from mineralization of soil organic matter during storage.A generous supply of water obviously alleviated some of the adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growth. This is in general agreement with results of earlier field trials, where severity of the effects of soil compaction varied with the quantity of rainfall.Key words: Soybean, common bean, soil compaction, soil moisture, nodulation, bulk density Buttery, B. R., Tan, C. S., Drury, C. F., Park, S. J., Armstrong, R. J. et Park, K. Y. 1998. Effets de la compaction, de la teneur en eau du sol et du type de sol sur la croissance et sur la nodulation chez le soja et le haricot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 571-576. Nous avons précédemment observé en essai, en vraie grandeur les différences interannuelles affectant la gravité des effets de la compaction du sol sur la nodulation et sur la croissance chez le haricot. Les différences paraissaient être reliées à la quantité de pluie tombée durant l'année précédente. Afin de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle un apport abondant d'eau atténuerait les effets adverses de la compaction du sol sur la nodulation et sur la croissance, nous avons décidé de répéter l'expérience en serre, dans des conditions mieux maîtrisées en l'étendant cette fois à une autre légumineuse et à un type de sol différent. Nous avons donc examiné les effets de deux niveaux de compaction et de deux niveaux d'approvisionnement hydrique, l'un élevé, l'autre faible, sur la croissance et sur la nodula...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Buttery¹,

Tan²,

Drury³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…1). This confirmed the results of Taylor and Gardner (1963), which showed that soil strengths great enough to critically limit cotton : Taylor et al, 1964).…”

Section: Bushland Texassupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the remaining cases, root restriction was caused by excessive soil strength that occurred largely as a result of soil drying. Taylor et al (1964) also showed that mineral soils gain strength when they are compacted, and that the compacted soils gain additional strength when they lose water (become drier) ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Bushland Texasmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The presence of soil pans that restricted plant rooting was recognized for many years before Dr. Taylor and his co-workers began extensive research on the problem in the late 1950s. To gain information on why root-restricting pans occur, Taylor et al (1964) studied the pans in 17 southern Great Plains soils. They concluded that the rootrestricting pans in less than half the cases could be attributed to the genetic nature of the soil or to the effect of soil manipulation.…”

Section: Bushland Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where some roots penetrate the layer, some water from beneath the restrictive zone should be available to plants. In some cases, however, the restrictive zone essentially prevents radial growth of roots, thus resulting in root girdling (Mathers, 1967;Mathers and Welch, 1964;Taylor et al, 1964) and limited potential for water uptake at a rate sufficient to supply the plant's need. Under extreme root girdling conditions, plants may even die (Mathers and Welch, 1964).…”

Section: Soil Bulk Density Soil Strength and Plant Roof Growth Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Compaction and Root Growth: A Review

Unger

Kaspar²

1994

Agronomy Journal

392

191

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Adverse effects of soil compaction on crop production have been recognized for many years. The objectives of this report were to briefly review the early literature, review the contributions of Dr. Howard M. Taylor (1924–1991) and co‐workers, examine the current status of soil compaction and root growth research, and identify research needs related to soil compaction and root growth. Early in his career, Dr. Taylor and co‐workers established relationships among soil strength, soil water content, and seedling emergence and root growth. These studies showed that root growth and distribution were altered to the point that water and nutrient uptake, and, hence, plant growth and yield, were reduced when soil strength reached critical levels due to natural or induced compaction. That research formed the basis for our current knowledge concerning the effects of compaction on root growth and the alleviation of compaction through soil and tillage management. Usually, not all parts of a root system are equally exposed to compaction under field conditions. Hence, because of compensatory growth by unimpeded parts of the system, only the distribution and not the total length of roots may be altered. Even if compaction limits root growth, weather events sometimes enhance or diminish the effect of root limitation on crop growth. To reduce risks in dry years and to use applied nutrients efficiently, managing soils through the use of tillage and related practices and growing of deep‐rooted crops in rotations will help avoid or alleviate compaction, thus improving root distribution and increasing rooting depth.

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Cotton stalk management and a cover crop produce minimal effects on cotton leafroll dwarf virus

Frazier,

Brown,

Read

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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In 2017, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) was first reported in the United States. One CLRDV inoculum source includes the previous year's cotton stalks; hence, destroying cotton stalks could be effective for CLRDV management. However, tillage‐intensive stalk destruction methods (SDMs) can degrade southeastern soils, but a cover crop may provide short‐term benefits and reduce CLRDV incidence. Therefore, we examined three SDMs (Tillage, Pull, Mow) across two cover crop levels (no cover and rye [Secale cereale L.]/clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] mixture) and two cotton varieties to determine how cotton growth, soil penetration resistance (PR), and two CLRDV incidence sample times (pre‐harvest and post‐harvest) were affected across six environments during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. None of the SDMs affected any factors examined in this experiment, except soil PR and cotton yield. The Pull and Mow SDMs both increased soil PR compared to the Tillage SDM. An 8% yield increase (Pull > Mow) was observed, but the Tillage SDM yield did not differ from Pull or Mow SDMs. The rye/clover mixture also increased soil PR. Although cotton stands were 15% greater with no cover crop, subsequent cotton yield and fiber quality were minimally affected by cover crops. The rye/clover mixture increased post‐harvest CLRDV incidence, and cotton yields were equal between cover crops. Pre‐harvest CLRDV incidence probability was 0.23, but post‐harvest CLRDV incidence probability was 0.71. Continuing to identify and evaluate cultural practices that reduce CLRDV incidence is imperative to prevent negative impacts.

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Pans in the Southern Great Plains Soils. I. Why Root‐Restricting Pans Occur¹

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Soil Compaction and Root Growth: A Review

Cotton stalk management and a cover crop produce minimal effects on cotton leafroll dwarf virus

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Pans in the Southern Great Plains Soils. I. Why Root‐Restricting Pans Occur1

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

The effects of soil compaction, soil moisture and soil type on growth and nodulation of soybean and common bean

Soil Compaction and Root Growth: A Review

Cotton stalk management and a cover crop produce minimal effects on cotton leafroll dwarf virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Pans in the Southern Great Plains Soils. I. Why Root‐Restricting Pans Occur¹