Papel de los receptores toll-like en las enfermedades respiratorias

Abstract

There has been growing interest in the last 10 years in the study of innate immunity, in particular because of the possible role that toll-like receptors (TLR) may play in the pathogenesis of some respiratory disease such as for example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections. TLR are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins, responsible for recognizing molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns), and expressed by a broad spectrum of infectious agents. This recognition leads to quick production of cytokines and chemokines which provides a long-lasting adaptive response to the pathogen. Currently, it is considered that the administration of drugs which modulate the activity of these receptors upwards or downwards may represent major therapeutic progress for handling these diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the different TLS, define their possible role in the pathogenesis of the main respiratory diseases and finally, speculate over the therapeutic possibilities which their modulation, agonist or antagonist, offers as possible therapeutic targets.

RING finger E3 ligase PPP1R11 regulates TLR2 signaling and innate immunity

“…TLRs are single transmembrane pattern recognition receptors that recognize molecules derived from various pathogens, referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Crespo-Lessmann et al, 2010; Delgado et al, 2008; Esen and Kielian, 2006; Chalifour et al, 2004; Tobian et al, 2003) . TLRs are highly conserved from invertebrates to mammals, and are essential for mediating innate immunity and the production of cytokines in response to infectious agents (O'Neill, 2000).…”

Expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in subjects with asthma by total serum IgE level

“…Some studies have reported that the ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by bacterial or viral antigens can affect IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and release of preformed mediators, as well as eicosanoid production, thus providing evidence on the involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma [ 2 – 5 ]. Among the various agents involved in innate immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma, the TLRs may bear an important role [ 6 – 10 ].…”

“…Just because these receptors are expressed on the cellular surface makes them easy to measure. Our laboratory has expertise in measuring them [ 6 ].…”

“…TLRs 2 and 4 function as signal receivers for gram-positive and negative bacteria (endotoxin recognition) [ 6 – 8 ]. In some studies, a relationship between microbial products and regulation of the T helper (Th)1 and Th2 responses through TLRs 2 and 4 was observed in allergic diseases [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Linking Endotoxins, African Dust PM10 and Asthma in an Urban and Rural Environment of Puerto Rico

“…ENX signal is recognized predominantly through interaction with TLR4. TLR2 can recognize some atypical LPS [ 33 ] as long as peptidoglycans or PGN and lipopeptides derived from Gram-positive bacteria and fungal molecules [ 34 ]. Both receptors activate cellular events that lead to the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules.…”