Paper based diagnostics for personalized health care: Emerging technologies and commercial aspects

Mahato, Kuldeep; Srivastava, Ananya; Chandra, Pranjal

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.001

Cited by 250 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 130 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

127

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cellulose was selected as a support for enzymes because of its applications in biosensors, diagnostics, wastewater treatment, biofuel cells, and biocatalysis . Moreover, it is porous, biodegradable, sustainable, inert, and has a high surface area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A potentially universal approach is presented for enzyme attachment to cellulose that significantly enhances enzyme stability while retaining high activity, and involves no chemical functionalization of cellulose. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was interlocked in cellulose to form a protein‐friendly surface (named BSA‐Paper), while also providing COOH and NH2 groups for subsequent attachment of enzymes. The desired enzyme is then mixed with additional BSA and interlocked on BSA‐Paper. The second BSA layer dilutes and crosslinks the enzyme for improved stability. Laccase was tested as a model enzyme for interlocking on BSA‐Paper, and was found to retain over 100 % activity and was 240 times more stable at 25 °C (half life=180 d) than laccase. This new approach was also tested with a few other enzymes with encouraging results, thus providing a potentially universal method for stabilization of enzymes on cellulose with retention of high activities.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to their low-cost materials, compact designs, and requirement for rapid and user-friendly operation, POC tests are often less accurate when compared to traditional laboratory tests and assays [7][8][9][10][11][12] . For example, paper-based immuno-assays such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer an affordable and user-friendly class of POC tests which have been developed for malaria, HIV-1/2, and cancer screening, among other uses [13][14][15][16][17] . However, these RDTs lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for certain diagnostic applications largely due to issues of reagent stability, fabrication and operational variability, as well as matrix effects present in complex samples such as blood 15,16,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, paper-based immuno-assays such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer an affordable and user-friendly class of POC tests which have been developed for malaria, HIV-1/2, and cancer screening, among other uses [13][14][15][16][17] . However, these RDTs lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for certain diagnostic applications largely due to issues of reagent stability, fabrication and operational variability, as well as matrix effects present in complex samples such as blood 15,16,18 . Additionally, a well-known competitive binding phenomenon called the hook-effect can lead to false reporting of results, specifically in instances where the sensing analyte can be present over a large dynamic range [19][20][21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning-Enabled Point-of-Care Sensing Using Multiplexed Paper-Based Sensors

Ballard

Joung²,

Goncharov³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACTWe present a deep learning-based framework to design and quantify point-of-care sensors. As its proof-of-concept and use-case, we demonstrated a low-cost and rapid paper-based vertical flow assay (VFA) for high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) testing, a common medical test used for quantifying the degree of inflammation in patients at risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD). A machine learning-based sensor design framework was developed for two key tasks: (1) to determine an optimal configuration of immunoreaction spots and conditions, spatially-multiplexed on a paper-based sensing membrane, and (2) to accurately infer the target analyte concentration based on the signals of the optimal VFA configuration. Using a custom-designed mobile-phone based VFA reader, a clinical study was performed with 85 human serum samples to characterize the quantification accuracy around the clinically defined cutoffs for CVD risk stratification. Results from blindly-tested VFAs indicate a competitive coefficient of variation of 11.2% with a linearity of R2 = 0.95; in addition to the success in the high-sensitivity CRP range (i.e., 0-10 mg/L), our results further demonstrate a mitigation of the hook-effect at higher CRP concentrations due to the incorporation of antigen capture spots within the multiplexed sensing membrane of the VFA. This paper-based computational VFA that is powered by deep learning could expand access to CVD health screening, and the presented machine learning-enabled sensing framework can be broadly used to design cost-effective and mobile sensors for various point-of-care diagnostics applications.

show abstract

“…Among POCT devices, paper-based devices have been seen as the ideal platform for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics due to their very low cost, simplicity, and inherent ability to wick fluids. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Fluid transport eliminates expensive pumping instrumentation and complicated handling. 16,17 The porous structure of paper is very convenient for dot-immunobinding assays, and cellulose itself has high affinity to biomolecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical High-Performance Lateral Flow Assay Based on Autonomous Microfluidic Replacement on a Film

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although paper-based microfluidic devices are an ideal platform for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, it is difficult to achieve microfluidic control required for sensitive analyses such as ELISA on a paper substrate. Here, we present a novel lateral-flow test chip that can perform operations similar to a pump, such as flowing, stopping, and replacing a solution, just by adding the solution onto an inlet port. The chip was fabricated by laminating paper, film, and adhesive tape. For sensitive and accurate detection in an immunoassay, the transparency and flatness of the substrate is crucial for precise analysis of weak light generated by a specific antigen-antibody reaction; however, paper is not flat and is opaque. Therefore, transparent film was applied to the detection area of the chip in this study. The chip showed a good correlation at 0.1 -100 ng ml -1 concentrations of C-reactive protein, demonstrating high quantitative analysis of CRP in serum suitable for clinical trials. The signal intensity of the novel chip was higher than that of a chip made of nitrocellulose membrane, and the variation was smaller. The limit of detection of the chip was 0.1 ng ml -1 , whereas that of the nitrocellulose membrane was 100 ng ml -1 . This novel chip can be used for sensitive sandwich immunoassays just by adding solutions.

show abstract

Paper based diagnostics for personalized health care: Emerging technologies and commercial aspects

Cited by 250 publications

References 130 publications

A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper

A Modular Approach for Interlocking Enzymes in Whatman Paper

Deep Learning-Enabled Point-of-Care Sensing Using Multiplexed Paper-Based Sensors

Practical High-Performance Lateral Flow Assay Based on Autonomous Microfluidic Replacement on a Film

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About