Paper‐Based Electrical Respiration Sensor

Güder, Firat; Ainla, Alar; Mosadegh, Bobak; Glavan, Ana C; Martin, Taylor; Whitesides, George M.

doi:10.1002/ange.201511805

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These sensors require expensive hardware and strict positional requirements and it is very difficult to fulfil all these requirements. In this regard, efficient and low cost flexible resistive sensors have been implemented to monitor respiration but bending strain will induce errors in the measurement of resistive sensors.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Pencil‐drawn Paper‐based Non‐invasive and Wearable Capacitive Respiration Sensor

Kanaparthi

2017

Electroanalysis

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This paper describes a fully‐drawn pencil‐on‐paper based low‐cost capacitive sensor for non‐invasive respiration monitoring. The sensor utilizes the hygroscopic character of the paper to measure the breathing rate and pattern. The adsorption and desorption of water molecules on paper during inhalation and exhalation results in variation in its dielectric constant. This change in dielectric constant during respiration reflects the change in capacitance of the sensor. By interfacing the sensor with the microcontroller, the capacitance data was acquired and transferred to a smartphone through Bluetooth communication. Being a low cost, wearable, non‐invasive and disposable sensor, it holds tremendous potential in healthcare technology and can be commercialized into a viable product for easy‐to‐use diagnostic purpose.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Pencil‐drawn Paper‐based Non‐invasive and Wearable Capacitive Respiration Sensor

Kanaparthi

2017

Electroanalysis

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“…As cellulose is a hygroscopic material that changes dimension as it sorbs water, it has also been used to design moisture sensors . Therefore, the PEDOT‐functionalized aerogels were tested for humidity sensing.…”

Section: Pedot:tos‐functionalized Aerogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Françon

Wang

Marais

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

112

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This study presents a novel, green, and efficient way of preparing crosslinked aerogels from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and alginate using non‐covalent chemistry. This new process can ultimately facilitate the fast, continuous, and large‐scale production of porous, light‐weight materials as it does not require freeze‐drying, supercritical CO2 drying, or any environmentally harmful crosslinking chemistries. The reported preparation procedure relies solely on the successive freezing, solvent‐exchange, and ambient drying of composite CNF‐alginate gels. The presented findings suggest that a highly‐porous structure can be preserved throughout the process by simply controlling the ionic strength of the gel. Aerogels with tunable densities (23–38 kg m−3) and compressive moduli (97–275 kPa) can be prepared by using different CNF concentrations. These low‐density networks have a unique combination of formability (using molding or 3D‐printing) and wet‐stability (when ion exchanged to calcium ions). To demonstrate their use in advanced wet applications, the printed aerogels are functionalized with very high loadings of conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:TOS) polymer by using a novel in situ polymerization approach. In‐depth material characterization reveals that these aerogels have the potential to be used in not only energy storage applications (specific capacitance of 78 F g−1), but also as mechanical‐strain and humidity sensors.

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“…We will also add capabilities to communicate with smartphones to have access to the cloud so that the result of each diagnostic test can be passed to health agencies remotely. 37,38 To enable on-site testing, we will implement on-chip lysis capabilities (such as mechanical 39 or heatinduced cell lysis 40 ) to analyze the samples taken directly from the subject without further sample prep. We will also implement on-chip reverse transcription to enable analysis of RNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low-Cost Integrated Silicon-based Transducer for On-Site, Genetic Detection of Pathogens

Núñez-Bajo

Kasimatis

Cotur

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Rapid screening and low-cost diagnosis play a crucial role in choosing the correct course of intervention e.g., drug therapy, quarantine, no action etc. when dealing with highly infectious pathogens. This is especially important if the disease-causing agent has no effective treatment, such as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogen causing COVID-19), and shows no or similar symptoms to other common infections. We report a silicon-based integrated Point-of-Need (PoN) transducer (TriSilix) that can chemically-amplify and detect pathogen-specific sequences of nucleic acids (NA) quantitatively in real-time. Unlike other silicon-based technologies, TriSilix can be produced at wafer-scale in a standard laboratory; we have developed a series of methodologies based on metal-assisted chemical (wet) etching, electroplating, thermal bonding and laser-cutting to enable a cleanroom-free low-cost fabrication that does not require processing in an advanced semiconductor foundry. TriSilix is, therefore, resilient to disruptions in the global supply chain as the devices can be produced anywhere in the world. To create an ultra-low-cost device, the architecture proposed exploits the intrinsic properties of silicon and integrates three modes of operation in a single chip: i) electrical (Joule) heater, ii) temperature sensor (i.e. thermistor) with a negative temperature coefficient that can provide the precise temperature of the sample solution during reaction and iii) electrochemical sensor for detecting target NA. Using TriSilix, the sample solution can be maintained at a single, specific temperature (needed for isothermal amplification of NA such as Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) or cycled between different temperatures (with a precision of ±1.3 °C) for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) while the exact concentration of amplicons is measured quantitatively and in real-time electrochemically. A single 4-inch Si wafer yields 37 TriSilix chips of 10×10×0.65 mm in size and can be produced in 7 hours, costing ~US $0.35 per device. The system is operated digitally, portable and low powercapable of running up to 35 tests with a 4000 mAh battery (a typical battery capacity of a modern smartphone). We were able to quantitatively detect a 563-bp fragment (Insertion Sequence IS900) of the genomic DNA of M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis (extracted from cultured field samples) through PCR in real-time with a Limit-of-(which was not certified by peer review)

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Paper‐Based Electrical Respiration Sensor

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Pencil‐drawn Paper‐based Non‐invasive and Wearable Capacitive Respiration Sensor

Pencil‐drawn Paper‐based Non‐invasive and Wearable Capacitive Respiration Sensor

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Ultra-Low-Cost Integrated Silicon-based Transducer for On-Site, Genetic Detection of Pathogens

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