Paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity and amelioration by cinnamon in rats

Eldeeb

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

et al. 2021

Suaeda vermiculata, a halophyte consumed by livestock, is also used by Bedouins to manage liver disorders. The aqueous-ethanolic extract of S. vermiculata, its subsequent fractions, and pure compounds, i.e., pheophytin-A (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), and quercetin (3), were evaluated for their hepatoprotective efficacy. The male mice were daily fed with either silymarin, plant aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, pure isolated compounds, or carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) for 7 days ( n = 6 /group, p.o.). On the day 7th of the administrations, all, except the intact animal groups, were induced with hepatotoxicity using paracetamol (PCM, 300 mg/kg). The anesthetized animals were euthanized after 24 h; blood and liver tissues were collected and analysed. The serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly for all the S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fraction, and compound-treated groups when equated with the PCM group ( p < 0.0001 ). The antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) for the silymarin-, n-hexane-, and quercetin-fed groups. Similarly, the catalase (CAT) enzyme level significantly increased for all the groups, except for the compound 2-treated group as compared to the CMC group. Also, the glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly increased for the n-butanol treated group than for the PCM group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LP) and nitric oxide (NO), the inflammatory markers, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the kidney’s functional biomarker parameters remained unchanged and did not differ significantly for the treated groups in comparison to the PCM-induced toxicity bearing animals. All the treated groups demonstrated significant decreases in cholesterol levels as compared to the PCM group, indicating hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The quercetin-treated group demonstrated significant improvement in triglyceride level. The S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and the isolated compounds demonstrated their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, confirming the claimed traditional use of the herb as a liver protectant.

Section: Hepatoprotective Activity Of the S Vermiculata Aqueous-supporting

confidence: 93%

Roles of Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous‐Ethanolic Extract, Its Subsequent Fractions, and the Isolated Compounds in Hepatoprotection against Paracetamol‐Induced Toxicity as Compared to Silymarin

Eldeeb

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

et al. 2021

“…Also, improve the lipid profile after paracetamol toxicity. These results were consistent with those obtained by [35] who recorded that paracetamol overdose caused significant increase in total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, total bilirubin with a reduction of albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The reduction in albumin and protein concentrations and increase in triglyceride concentration is attributed to the initial damage produced and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum which results in the loss of P450 leading to its functional failure with a decrease in protein synthesis and accumulation of triglycerides leading to fatty liver.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Ameliorative Effect of Thymus Oil on Paracetamol Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity: A Biochemical, Antioxidant and Histopathological Studies

Elkomy¹

2017

JPCR

Self Cite

Hepato-renal protective effects of thymus oil against paracetamol toxicity were investigated in rats. Thirty five male rats were divided into seven groups as following: Group I was administered saline solution (for 30 days). Group II was administered saline solution in addition to a single-dose of paracetamol at a dose of 2 g/kg BW, 1 h after last dose of saline. Groups III and IV were administered thymus oil (250 and 500 mg/ kg BW, respectively. Groups V, VI and VII received Thymus oil (250, 500 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg), respectively, once for 30 consecutive days followed by a single oral dose of paracetamol (2 g/kg), 1 h after the last thymus oil and silymarin dose. Paracetamol induced disturbance in hepatic and renal functions and injured the hepatic and renal cells evident from depletion of catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activities along with increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Co-administration of thymus oil with paracetamol kept the studied biochemical parameters within normal ranges and prevented lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol. Our findings concluded that thymus oil possessed hepato-renal protective activity against paracetamol induced toxicity in rats and this protection may involve the reduction of oxidative stress.

“…Because of its enrichment by polyphenolic compounds, cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is regarded as a powerful natural antioxidant. In folk medicine, cinnamon is widely used as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial effects and anti-inflammatory herb (Elkomy et al, 2016;Abdeen et al, 2019). The main constituents identified in the cinnamon extract and have powerful free radical scavenging activities are cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and cinnamic acid which mainly restores the redox hemostasis Corresponding Author: Mohamed Aboubakr, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt, mohamed.aboubakr@fvtm.bu.edu.eg and normal cellular function (Hafizur et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephroprotective Effects of Cinnamon and/or Parsley Oils against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Elkomy¹,

Aboubakr²,

Medhat³

et al. 2020

J. Anim. Vet. Adv.

Self Cite

In the present study, the nephroprotective potentials of cinnamon and/or parsley oils was assessed on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. About 49 male rats were assigned randomly into 7 equal groups (7 rats each). Group 1-3: were orally administered normal saline, cinnamon oil (400 mg kgG 1 b.wt.) and parsley oil (200 mg kgG 1 b.wt.), respectively, once daily for 30 consecutive days. Group 4: rats in this group were intraperitoneally injected with GM (100 mg kgG 1 b.wt.) in the last 10 days (20-30 th day) of the experiment. Group 5: rats in this group were given cinnamon and GM while rats in group 6 were administered parsley and GM. Group 7: rats in this group were administered cinnamon and parsley plus GM. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, serum samples and kidney specimens were collected for biochemical and oxidative status evaluation. Rats administered GM alone showed significant increases in serum concentrations of creatinine, urea and glucose while renal tissue levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase were significantly declined. Additionally, the malondialdehyde level was significantly elevated in kidney tissues. Also, GM administration caused renal histopathological alterations. The altered levels of various parameters provoked by GM toxicity were restored towards normal levels by cinnamon and/or parsley oils administration. These results suggested the nephroprotective potentials of cinnamon and/or parsley oils in rats, probably triggered by their antioxidant phytoconstituents.