Paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats: the protective role ofNigella sativa

Abstract

Context Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) is traditionally used to treat many conditions such as inflammation. Objective This study evaluates the effects of NS seeds ethanol extract in paracetamol-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods Forty-eight female Wistar Albino rats were divided into eight groups: I = sham; II = sham + 1000 mg/kg NS; III = sham + 140 mg/kg (N-acetyl cysteine) NAC; IV = 2 g/kg paracetamol; V = 2 g/kg paracetamol + 140 mg/kg NAC; VI, VII and VIII = 2 g/kg paracetamol + 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg NS, respectively. Paracetamol administration (oral) was carried out 1 h after NS and NAC administrations (oral), and all animals were sacrificed 24 h later. Results Paracetamol administration significantly increased serum urea (88.05 U/L) and creatinine (0.80 U/L) when compared with the sham group (49.80 and 0.31 U/L, respectively). However, serum urea level was reduced to 65.60, 56.00 and 54.18 U/L, with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. Also, serum creatinine level was reduced to 0.64, 0.57 and 0.52 U/L with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. NS administration increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the kidneys. Kidney histopathological examinations showed that NS administration antagonized paracetamol-induced kidney pathological damage. Discussion and conclusions The results suggest NS has a significant nephroprotective activity on paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity. It may be suggested that the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of NS ethanolic extract originated from different compounds of its black seeds.

Mechanism of grape seeds extract protection against paracetamol renal cortical damage in male Albino rats

“…These results were in consistence with the experimental fi ndings (22) and similar to that clinically reported before (23). Also, elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase induced by toxic dose of paracetamol was considered as specifi c marker of renal infl ammation (24).…”

“…These results were supported by a previous (22) that observed a signifi cant decrease in the levels of SOD and GSH with signifi cant increase in MDA after acute paracetamol overdose administration. Signifi cant decrease in levels of SOD and catalase after acute paracetamol overdose administration to rats is based on the observation that paracetamol overdose enhances lipid peroxidation or inactivates the anti-oxidative enzymes.…”

“…Congested blood vessels and extravasation of RBCs were a clear fi nding after acute paracetamol exposure (22). Extravasation of RBCs could be explained before; as a result of increase in vascular permeability by affecting the communicating units between endothelium of the venues and capillaries; hemorrhage occurred (40).…”

Hepatoprotective Potential of Green Tea Extract against Experimental Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…Significant (P<0.05) reduction of mean body weights (Table 1) in acetaminophen control group could mainly attributed to oxidative stress and ROS generated in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and altered metabolism of liver [22] . Weight reduction might also be attributed to hyperglycaemia induced in this study, which adds to the catabolism of proteins, resulting in weight loss.…”

A comprehensive and updated review on the pharmacological activities and phytochemistry of Nigella sativa L.

“…Moreover, the ethanol extract of NS at 250-100 mg/kg (p.o.) in female Wistar Albino rats showed a significant nephroprotective activity against paracetamolinduced nephrotoxicity [33]. In another study, NS exhibited a significant nephroprotective effect in Cdinduced nephrotoxicity in rats [34].…”