Paradigm Shift of the Molecular Dynamics Concept in the Cell Membrane: High‐Speed Single‐Molecule Tracking Revealed the Partitioning of the Cell Membrane

Hierarchical organization of the plasma membrane: Investigations by single‐molecule tracking vs. fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

“…After performing all of these analytic procedures, the obtained results, particularly those of the phospholipid movements, amazed many membrane researchers, including us ([45,54–56]; reviewed by [30,57,58]). Virtually all of the phospholipid (DOPE and DPPE) and transmembrane protein molecules (transferrin receptor, α2‐macroglobulin receptor, E‐cadherin, band 3, and μ‐opioid receptor) we examined exhibited short‐term confined diffusion within a compartment and long‐term hop movement to an adjacent one, with average compartment sizes of 30–200 nm and average residency times of several to several 100 ms (cell‐type dependent).…”

“…After performing all of these analytic procedures, the obtained results, particularly those of the phospholipid movements, amazed many membrane researchers, including us ( [45,[54][55][56]; reviewed by [30,57,58]). Virtually all of the phospholipid (DOPE and DPPE) and transmembrane protein molecules (transferrin receptor, a2macroglobulin receptor, E-cadherin, band 3, and l-opioid receptor)…”

‘Full fusion’ is not ineluctable during vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters by endocrine cells

“…This is large but remains between approximately one-sixth and one-quarter of the mean vesicle diameter (312 nm [74]). Still, it is noted that such a value is not incompatible with the mesh sizes of sub-membrane cytoskeleton proteic structures [88][89][90][91]. Before the fusion pore external edge meets this limit, its radial expansion rate results from a balance between the driving force acting on the edge of the pore and the ability of the system to relax its released energy through viscous dissipation [35,36,75,76].…”

Colloidal diffusion over a quasicrystalline-patterned surface

“…When the initial condition is at equilibrium, the second term vanishes and the MSD is reduced to Eq. (5). If it is initially not at equilibrium, r 2 (t) will undergo a transition between two diffusion regimes with the overall diffusion coefficient (D L ) A in Eq.…”

“…[1][2][3] For example, the diffusion of lithium ions through the pores of a lithium ion battery affects the transport properties of the battery, and microstructural information of the battery is needed in order to quantify the ion transport. 4 In cell biology, membrane-bounded proteins in live cells were found to exhibit anomalous diffusion, [5][6][7][8][9] which results from a complex interaction landscape with the surrounding proteins and lipids and with the underlying cytoskeleton. [10][11][12][13][14][15] In the study of protein folding, the change of protein configurations is thought of as a diffusion in a funnel-like free energy landscape along the reaction coordinates.…”