Paradigmatic Assumptions of Disciplinary Research on Gender Disparities: The Case of Occupational Sex Segregation

Stockdale, Margaret S.; Nadler, Joel T.

doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0228-1

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Numerous studies and organisations have confirmed that women are paid less than men (UN Women, 2015). This is partly due to segregation and gender stereotypes; women are linked to traditionally 'female' occupations, and these are associated with inferior working conditions and lower pay (Prokos et al, 2009;Stockdale and Nadler, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being a woman in an ICT job: an analysis of the gender pay gap and discrimination in Spain

Segovia‐Pérez¹,

Núñez

Sánchez

et al. 2019

New Technol Work Employ

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Despite policy initiatives aimed at promoting female access to jobs, the information and communication technology (ICT) professions have traditionally been largely monopolised by men. Segregation, gendered stereotypes and environmental factors have a clear impact on educational and professional choices, as well as on working conditions. The spread of ICT to all economic activities has meant that ICT specialists are now to be found everywhere, not only in the ICT sector where many stereotypes related to technical jobs persist. This work aims to analyse the gender wage gap and discrimination in ICT professions, with the emphasis on how working in an ICT‐intensive industry might affect that situation. The study uses the Spanish Earning Structure Survey data for 2014, and applies wage decomposition techniques to the wage distribution. The results show that female ICT professionals face unfavorable working conditions, especially in highly qualified jobs and in ICT‐intensive industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being a woman in an ICT job: an analysis of the gender pay gap and discrimination in Spain

Segovia‐Pérez¹,

Núñez

Sánchez

et al. 2019

New Technol Work Employ

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“…These data clearly demonstrate horizontal segregation (Lemons, 2003;Martín, 2007;Stockdale & Nadler, 2013;Weeden, 1998). Many of the participants said women can not even get in the door simply because they "can get pregnant."…”

Section: Dreams Of Advancementmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Gender segregation both horizontally and vertically results in essentially artificial barriers, which mitigate women's ability to reach their full potential (Grow & Deng, 2014;Lemons, 2003;Martin, 2007;Stockdale & Nadler, 2013;Weeden, 1998). Specifically, horizontal segregation refers to gender distribution across a professional area, in this case advertising creative departments.…”

Section: Gender Segregation In Advertising Creativementioning

confidence: 99%

Creative women in Peru: outliers in a machismo world

Mensa

Grow²

2015

Communication & Society

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Gender segregation begins early and is reinforced within the workplace. Advertising creative departments appear to have extreme gender segregation with women representing just 20% of all those working within creative departments worldwide. Yet, creativity does not depend on gender. Thus, the underrepresentation of women is particularly troubling. In Peru women comprise 3% to 10.4% of all people working in advertising creative, which suggests the situation for creative women in Peru is dire. In order to understand this phenomenon, and with the hope of finding solutions, this study uses in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of Peruvian women working in advertising creative departments. The study investigates three primary aspects of Peruvian creative women's experiences. First, it looks at relationships with colleagues and clients. Second, work/life balance is explored. Third, the study examines how the environment within creative departments constrains creative women's employment and advancement opportunities. Findings suggest that Peruvian creative departments are strongly machismo environments where discrimination and gender segregation are staunchly entrenched. This machismo environment creates challenging relationships between creative women and their colleagues and clients, it negatively impacts creative women's work/life balance and it leads to severely constrained hiring, promotion and retention of creative women in Peruvian advertising agencies. The discussion closes with suggestions to help creative women succeed in Peruvian creative departments.

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“…Stereotypes are beliefs and expectations shared by people about the characteristics that women and men should have within society (Alexander & Ben, 1978;Fiske & Stevens, 1993;Morrison & Shaffer, 2003;Putrevu, 2008;Stockdale & Nadler, 2013). Gender theories suggest that advertising is responsible for promoting sexism and female role stereotypes where women are shown as vulnerable members of society (Alvesson, 1998;Dupagne, Potter & Cooper, 1993;Giddens, 1991;Orth & Holancova, 2004;Villegas, Lemanski & Valdéz, 2010).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portraits of Women: Mexican and Chilean Stereotypes in Digital Advertising

Mensa¹,

Bittner²

2020

Communication & Society

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By 2020, brands will invest half of their marketing budget on Internet advertising. The Internet has effective potential in advertising, and it can mold stereotypical roles for future generations of consumers. Social norms and beliefs towards respect and gender equality can be reinforced through digital advertising. This study compares empirical evidence of how women are portrayed in digital advertising on Facebook from Mexico and Chile. Samples were compiled by selecting forty fan pages with the most followers-20 from Mexico and 20 from Chile. 1600 posts were examined by quantitative content analysis method. Results show that Mexican posts use 10.2% more sexist stereotypes than Chilean posts. In a traditional role's context, advertising emphasizes behaviors along gender stereotypes, where women are not perceived equal to men. "I love shoes" (97.5%), a Mexican company with the second highest number of followers and "Forever 21," an American juvenile clothing brand (85%) in Chile, are the brands that portray women in mostly traditional roles. These data reinforce the theory that femaleaudience brands support sexist values in advertising. Both countries show women engaged in activities outside the home, but not professionally or as an authority figure. Summary, in many ways, evidence suggests a paradoxical approach to portrayals of women in Mexican and Chilean Facebook fan page advertising.

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Paradigmatic Assumptions of Disciplinary Research on Gender Disparities: The Case of Occupational Sex Segregation

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

Being a woman in an ICT job: an analysis of the gender pay gap and discrimination in Spain

Being a woman in an ICT job: an analysis of the gender pay gap and discrimination in Spain

Creative women in Peru: outliers in a machismo world

Portraits of Women: Mexican and Chilean Stereotypes in Digital Advertising

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