Parafoveal processing across different lexical constituents in Chinese reading

Cui, Lei; Drieghe, Denis; Yan, Guoli; Bai, Xuejun; Hui, Eddie C.M.; Liversedge, Simon Paul

doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.720265

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We only obtained robust effects of the second character mask when the first character was likely to be the first character of a two character word, and not when it was likely to be a single character word. (see Cui, Drieghe, et al, 2013;Drieghe et al, 2010 for similar findings).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The use of probabilistic lexicality cues for word segmentation in Chinese reading

Zang

Wang

Bai

et al. 2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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In an eye-tracking experiment we examined whether Chinese readers were sensitive to information concerning how often a Chinese character appears as a single-character word versus the first character in a two-character word, and whether readers use this information to segment words and adjust the amount of parafoveal processing of subsequent characters during reading. Participants read sentences containing a two-character target word with its first character more or less likely to be a single-character word. The boundary paradigm was used. The boundary appeared between the first character and the second character of the target word, and we manipulated whether readers saw an identity or a pseudocharacter preview of the second character of the target. Linear mixed-effects models revealed reduced preview benefit from the second character when the first character was more likely to be a single-character word. This suggests that Chinese readers use probabilistic combinatorial information about the likelihood of a Chinese character being single-character word or a two-character word online to modulate the extent of parafoveal processing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The use of probabilistic lexicality cues for word segmentation in Chinese reading

Zang

Wang

Bai

et al. 2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Such orthographic PoF effects are also frequently found on the pre-boundary word in gaze-contingent boundary experiments (described above, Rayner, 1975; for more recent examples see e.g. Angele, Slattery, Yang, Kliegl, & Rayner, 2008;Cui et al, 2013) when a non-word preview is used. Usually, the presence of an unusual parafoveal letter string leads to longer fixation times on the currently fixated word (Blanchard, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 1989;Inhoff, Starr, & Schindler, 2000;cf.…”

Section: Orthographic Pof Effectsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Do successor effects in reading reflect lexical parafoveal processing? Evidence from corpus-based and experimental eye movement data

Angele

Schotter

Slattery

et al. 2015

Journal of Memory and Language

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a b s t r a c tIn the past, most research on eye movements during reading involved a limited number of subjects reading sentences with specific experimental manipulations on target words. Such experiments usually only analyzed eye-movements measures on and around the target word. Recently, some researchers have started collecting larger data sets involving large and diverse groups of subjects reading large numbers of sentences, enabling them to consider a larger number of influences and study larger and more representative subject groups. In such corpus studies, most of the words in a sentence are analyzed. The complexity of the design of corpus studies and the many potentially uncontrolled influences in such studies pose new issues concerning the analysis methods and interpretability of the data. In particular, several corpus studies of reading have found an effect of successor word (n + 1) frequency on current word (n) fixation times, while studies employing experimental manipulations tend not to. The general interpretation of corpus studies suggests that readers obtain parafoveal lexical information from the upcoming word before they have finished identifying the current word, while the experimental manipulations shed doubt on this claim. In the present study, we combined a corpus analysis approach with an experimental manipulation (i.e., a parafoveal modification of the moving mask technique, Rayner & Bertera, 1979), so that, either (a) word n + 1, (b) word n + 2, (c) both words, or (d) neither word was masked. We found that denying preview for either or both parafoveal words increased average fixation times. Furthermore, we found successor effects similar to those reported in the corpus studies. Importantly, these successor effects were found even when the parafoveal word was masked, suggesting that apparent successor frequency effects may be due to causes that are unrelated to lexical parafoveal preprocessing. We discuss the implications of this finding both for parallel and serial accounts of word identification and for the interpretability of large correlational studies of word identification in reading in general.

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“…To date, there has been some preliminary research investigating whether the lexical status of multi-character strings (i.e., whether they are processed as a single word or two separate words) exerted an influence on how they were processed. For example, Cui et al [66] used the boundary paradigm and manipulated the preview of the second constituent (an identity character, or a nonsense character) of a monomorphemic word, a compound word, or a phrase. They found increased fixation durations on the first constituent when the preview of the second constituent was a nonsense character rather than when it was the character itself-a reliable parafoveal-on-foveal effect, and this effect only occurred when the first constituent was part of a monomorphemic word, but not when it was part of a compound word or a phrase (for similar findings in English reading, see [67]).…”

Section: Beyond Serialism and Parallelism: A Multi-constituent Unit Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Serialism and Parallelism in Oculomotor Control During Reading: The Multi-Constituent Unit Hypothesis

Zang

2019

Vision

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Currently there are several computational models of eye movement control that provide a good account of oculomotor behavior during reading of English and other alphabetic languages. I will provide an overview of two dominant models: E-Z Reader and SWIFT, as well as a recently proposed model: OB1-Reader. I will evaluate a critical issue of controversy among models, namely, whether words are lexically processed serially or in parallel. I will then consider reading in Chinese, a character-based, unspaced language with ambiguous word boundaries. Finally, I will evaluate the concepts of serialism and parallelism of process central to these models, and how these models might function in relation to lexical processing that is operationalized over parafoveal multi-constituent units.

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Parafoveal processing across different lexical constituents in Chinese reading

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

The use of probabilistic lexicality cues for word segmentation in Chinese reading

The use of probabilistic lexicality cues for word segmentation in Chinese reading

Do successor effects in reading reflect lexical parafoveal processing? Evidence from corpus-based and experimental eye movement data

New Perspectives on Serialism and Parallelism in Oculomotor Control During Reading: The Multi-Constituent Unit Hypothesis

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