Paralanguage in computer mediated communication

Carey, John

doi:10.3115/981436.981458

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…According to conventions of expressing written emotions (Carey, 1980;Reilly & Seibert, 2003), emotions are added using emoticons, bold capital letters and a phrase describing the reviewer's internal emotional state. The emotional positive review read, "I bought this laptop in August 2004.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional expressions in online user reviews: How they influence consumers' product evaluations

Kim

Gupta

2012

Journal of Business Research

211

185

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we used explicit and intense emotions, there are other subtle, circumlocutory ways to express emotions in text-based communications such as the use of semantic or lexical intensifiers (Carey, 1980). Compared to intense emotions, readers may view subtle, circumlocutory emotions as more acceptable.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional expressions in online user reviews: How they influence consumers' product evaluations

Kim

Gupta

2012

Journal of Business Research

211

185

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“…While these general trends may occur In several dimensions, Knapp et al (1980) note, the precise progression rate or plateau In anyone dimension may differ from those of other dimensions. Vulnerability pattern· (Millar & Rogers, 1976) Freely stated overt judgments (Knapp, 1984) COMPOSURE/RELAXATION-AROUSAL Flaming (Kiesler et aI., 1984(Kiesler et aI., , 1985 Language Intensity (Bradac et aI., 1979) Intentional misspellings, punctuation marks (Carey, 1980) Capitalization (Allen, 1988) Relational Icons (Asteroff, 1987) FORMALITY-INFORMALITY Form of address communicators use (Argyle & Cook, 1976) Lexical surrogates·· (Carey, 1980) …”

Section: H2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction

Walther¹,

1992

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This study involved an experiment of the effects of time and communication channel—asynchronous computer conferencing versus face‐to‐face meetings—on relational communication in groups. Prior research on the relational aspects of computer‐mediated communication has suggested strong depersonalizing effects of the medium due to the absence of nonverbal cues. Past research is criticized for failing to incorporate temporal and developmental perspectives on information processing and relational development. In this study, data were collected from 96 subjects assigned to computer conferencing or face‐to‐face zero‐history groups of 3, who completed three tasks over several weeks’time. Results showed that computer‐mediated groups increased in several relational dimensions to more positive levels and that these subsequent levels approximated those of face‐to‐face groups. Boundaries on the predominant theories of computer‐mediated communication are recommended, and principles from uncertainty reduction and social penetration are discussed.

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“…Emoticon usage is another example of online nonverbal emotional expression. Since e-mail interactants are often restricted to common typographic symbols, these symbols are sometimes combined into a rough representation of a human face expressing emotion (Witmer & Katzman 1997), such as Smile: :-) Frown: :-( Yet another form of affect displayed online is the use of lexical surrogates (Carey 1980). Lexical surrogates are typed representations of vocalized nonverbal sounds (e.g.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%