Parallel Ascending Vestibular Pathways

Zwergal, Andreas; Strupp, Michael; Brandt, Thomas; Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04461.x

Cited by 57 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Four pathways are known to transmit vestibular inputs to the thalamus: the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the ascending tract of Deiter, the crossing ventral tegmental tract and the ipsilateral vestibulo-thalamic tract (Zwergal et al, 2009). Except for the latter, all of these pathways are involved in vestibulo-ocular function.…”

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to anatomical studies in monkeys, the medial longitudinal fasciculus links the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) to the contralateral posterior thalamus (Lang et al, 1979; Zwergal et al, 2009). Additionally, studies in rats, cats and monkeys show an ipsilateral connection.…”

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In monkeys, few projections from the lateral part of the VNC reach the ipsilateral thalamus through the ascending tract of Deiter, the rostral ocular-motor nucleus and the H1 field of Forel (Zwergal et al, 2009). Nevertheless, if the ascending tract of Deiter is involved in oculomotor vergence, no role in vestibular cognition has been demonstrated yet (Zwergal et al, 2009). …”

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This vestibulo-oculomotor pathway transmits the anterior canal inputs through the superior vestibular nucleus and Y-group to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (III), and also the thalamus (anatomical studies in monkey) (Lang et al, 1979; Zwergal et al, 2009). …”

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth vestibular pathway to the thalamus is the ipsilateral vestibulo-thalamic tract, which ascends from the Y-group and probably transmits otolithic signals to the postero-lateral thalamus (Zwergal et al, 2009). Clinical data in humans demonstrates the role of the ipsilateral vestibulo-thalamic tract in the subjective visual vertical; the ipsilateral vestibulo-thalamic tract is understood as a fast pathway transmitting vestibular information to the thalamus and vestibular cortices, which provides it to the cortical multisensory network for the perception of body motion and spatial orientation (Zwergal et al, 2009).…”

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestibular pathways involved in cognition

Hitier

Besnard

Smith

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

290

215

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Recent discoveries have emphasized the role of the vestibular system in cognitive processes such as memory, spatial navigation and bodily self-consciousness. A precise understanding of the vestibular pathways involved is essential to understand the consequences of vestibular diseases for cognition, as well as develop therapeutic strategies to facilitate recovery. The knowledge of the “vestibular cortical projection areas”, defined as the cortical areas activated by vestibular stimulation, has dramatically increased over the last several years from both anatomical and functional points of view. Four major pathways have been hypothesized to transmit vestibular information to the vestibular cortex: (1) the vestibulo-thalamo-cortical pathway, which probably transmits spatial information about the environment via the parietal, entorhinal and perirhinal cortices to the hippocampus and is associated with spatial representation and self-versus object motion distinctions; (2) the pathway from the dorsal tegmental nucleus via the lateral mammillary nucleus, the anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to the entorhinal cortex, which transmits information for estimations of head direction; (3) the pathway via the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis, the supramammillary nucleus and the medial septum to the hippocampus, which transmits information supporting hippocampal theta rhythm and memory; and (4) a possible pathway via the cerebellum, and the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (perhaps to the parietal cortex), which transmits information for spatial learning. Finally a new pathway is hypothesized via the basal ganglia, potentially involved in spatial learning and spatial memory. From these pathways, progressively emerges the anatomical network of vestibular cognition.

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Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Functions and Vestibular Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Vestibular pathways involved in cognition

Hitier

Besnard

Smith

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

290

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Network Architecture of Verticality Processing in the Human Thalamus

Conrad

Baier

Eberle

et al. 2023

Annals of Neurology

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Objective Thalamic dysfunction in lesions or neurodegeneration may alter verticality perception and lead to postural imbalance and falls. The aim of the current study was to delineate the structural and functional connectivity network architecture of the vestibular representations in the thalamus by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Seventy‐four patients with acute unilateral isolated thalamic infarcts were studied prospectively with emphasis on the perception of verticality (tilts of the subjective visual vertical [SVV]). We used multivariate lesion–symptom mapping based on support‐vector regression to determine the thalamic nuclei associated with ipsiversive and contraversive tilts of the SVV. The lesion maps were used to evaluate the white matter disconnection and whole brain functional connectivity in healthy subjects. Results Contraversive SVV tilts were associated with lesions of the ventral posterior lateral/medial, ventral lateral, medial pulvinar, and medial central/parafascicular nuclei. Clusters associated with ipsiversive tilts were located inferiorly (ventral posterior inferior nucleus) and laterally (ventral lateral, ventral posterior lateral, and reticular nucleus) to these areas. Distinct ascending vestibular brainstem pathways terminated in the subnuclei for ipsi‐ or contraversive verticality processing. The functional connectivity analysis showed specific patterns of cortical connections with the somatomotor network for lesions with contraversive tilts, and with the core multisensory vestibular representations (areas Ri, OP2‐3, Ig, 3av, 2v) for lesions with ipsiversive tilts. Interpretation The functional specialization may allow both a stable representation of verticality for sensorimotor integration and flexible adaption to sudden changes in the environment. A targeted modulation of this circuitry could be a novel therapeutic strategy for higher level balance disorders of thalamocortical origin. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:133–145

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Calretinin inputs are confined to motoneurons for upward eye movements in monkey

Zeeh

Hess²,

Horn

2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Motoneurons of extraocular muscles are controlled by different premotor pathways, whose selective damage may cause directionally selective eye movement disorders. The fact that clinical disorders can affect only one direction, e.g., isolated up-/downgaze palsy or up-/downbeat nystagmus, indicates that up- and downgaze pathways are organized separately. Recent work in monkey revealed that a subpopulation of premotor neurons of the vertical eye movement system contains the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR). With combined tract-tracing and immunofluorescence, the motoneurons of vertically pulling eye muscles in monkey were investigated for the presence of CR-positive afferent terminals. In the oculomotor nucleus, CR was specifically found in punctate profiles contacting superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons, as well as levator palpebrae motoneurons, all of which participate in upward eye movements. Double-immunofluorescence labeling revealed that CR-positive terminals lacked the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase, which is present in inhibitory afferents to all motoneurons mediating vertical eye movements. Therefore, CR-containing afferents are considered to be excitatory. In conclusion, a strong CR input is confined to motoneurons mediating upgaze, which derive from premotor pathways mediating saccades and smooth pursuit, but not from secondary vestibulo-ocular neurons in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus. The functional significance of CR in these connections is unclear, but it may serve as a useful marker to locate upgaze pathways in the human brain.

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Parallel Ascending Vestibular Pathways

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Vestibular pathways involved in cognition

Vestibular pathways involved in cognition

Network Architecture of Verticality Processing in the Human Thalamus

Calretinin inputs are confined to motoneurons for upward eye movements in monkey

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