This chapter gives an overview of recent research conducted among academics working at Swedish universities and offers insights into their research and publication practices. Sweden provides an interesting case due to its high general proficiency in English as an additional language (ranked first in Europe and in the world, according to the most recent English Proficiency Index). At the same time, recent developments in language policy indicate a strong emphasis on the importance of the national language(s) in high-stakes domains such as research and education. The research reviewed in this chapter includes major findings of two surveys carried out at major Swedish universities and two case studies of humanities scholars working across three disciplines. It is demonstrated that English has been firmly established as an academic language at Swedish universities and is present in practically all disciplines, although to different extents. Englishmedium research and publication practices are the least common in the humanities, but ultimately language choice is pragmatically determined by external factors such as the target audience. Overall, the informants of the studies reviewed here show critical awareness of English use in academic communication and, in most cases, do not perceive themselves to be disadvantaged by their non-native status. Particularly those informants whose research involves international cooperation or an international audience consider themselves to be full members of their respective academic communities and view English as an academic lingua franca or, as one informant put it, "nobody's land". At the same time, Swedish is used for outreach and for academic publications dealing with topics of local interest and significance. Keywords: English for research and publication, language attitudes, language policy, English in Sweden Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 7/22/15 4:42 PM tics of English (1994). In the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Swales' article on "English as Tyrannosaurus rex" (1997) called for critical awareness in the teaching of English in higher education institutions across the globe. During the following decade, further concerns were raised about any eventual disadvantages for non-native speakers who publish their research in English in international peer-reviewed journals (e.g.special issue of AILA Review was dedicated to linguistic inequality in scientific communication. The 2008 special issue of Journal of English for Academic Purposes focused on English for research publication purposes. Claims were made that researchers who have English as an additional language are often linguistically disadvantaged compared to native speakers, particularly if they are placed in the "periphery". Some of the more recent studies explored the question of language choice in academic publication focusing on specific countries such ).Over the past few years, many changes have taken place in the international publi...