Parallel measurements of indole and skatole (3-methylindole) in feces and blood plasma of pigs by HPLC

Claus, R.; Dehnhard, Martin; Herzog, A.; Barragán, Hugo Bernal; Giménez, T.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(93)90040-o

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This difference in the main site of fermentation product synthesis agrees with previous findings (Claus et al, 1993;Knarreborg et al, 2002). The overall high pH in the oatbased diets indicates less fermentation activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of cereal type and enzyme supplementation on carcass characteristics, volatile fatty acids and intestinal microflora and boar taint in entire male pigs

Pauly

Spring

Gahan

et al. 2011

Animal

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A 2 3 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cereal type (barley v. oat) and exogenous enzyme supplementation (with or without) on intestinal fermentation, and on indole and skatole levels in the intestinal content and the adipose tissue in finisher boars. The experimental treatments were as follows: (i) barley-based diet, (ii) barley-based diet with enzyme supplement, (iii) oat-based diet and (iv) oat-based diet with enzyme supplement. The enzyme supplement contained endo-1,3(4)-b-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) and endo-1,4-b-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). The animals were fed ad libitum for 45 days from 76.0 to 113.6 kg live weight. Feeding barley-based diets led to higher ( P , 0.05) total volatile fatty acids concentrations in the large intestine. Proportions of propionic-and butyric-acids were higher and that of acetic acid lower in digesta from barley-based in comparison to oat-based diets ( P , 0.001). Consequently, pH in the large intestine was higher after feeding oat-based in comparison to barley-based diets. Animals fed unsupplemented oat-based diet had higher ( P , 0.01) indole concentrations in the digesta from the proximal colon than those fed barley-based diets. Feeding oat-based diets led to lower ( P , 0.01) skatole and higher ( P , 0.001) indole concentrations in the digesta from the terminal colon than barley-based diets. skatole concentrations in the adipose tissue did not differ ( P . 0.05) between the experimental treatments. Pigs offered the barley-based diets had lower ( P , 0.001) indole concentrations in the adipose tissue compared with those fed the oat-based diet. In conclusion, barley-based diets were more efficient than oat-based diets in limiting concentrations of indole in the adipose tissue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of cereal type and enzyme supplementation on carcass characteristics, volatile fatty acids and intestinal microflora and boar taint in entire male pigs

Pauly

Spring

Gahan

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…4 A maximum concentration of indole has been revealed in the caecum, while the skatole concentration increases through the colon and reaches a maximum in the distal part of the large intestine. 5,6 This suggests that the main sites of skatole and indole production differ within the intestines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial variation of intestinal skatole production and microbial community in Jinhua and Landrace pigs

Liu

et al. 2009

J Sci Food Agric

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“…The absorption of 3MI from the rectum, as suggested by earlier investigations (Claus et al 1993), did not influence measurements in this experiment because there were no differences in the 3MI concentrations between blood samples obtained simultaneously from the hepatic vein, jugular vein, and mesenteric artery. Therefore, an additional rectal contribution to 3MI absorption was considered to be minor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs

Laue¹,

Hansen-Møller²,

Agergaard³

1998

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Laue, A., Hansen-Møller, J. and Agergaard, N. 1998. The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 69-79. This study intends to extend knowledge on the fate of intestinal 3-methylindole (3MI) in vivo as the substance is a key causative agent in the expression of boar taint in pig carcasses. Eleven multi-catheterized and caecum-fistulated intact male pigs were used to examine the effects of peroral and intracaecal challenges of 1, 5 and 10 mg 3-methylindole per kilogram body weight (BW) on the quantitative net absorption from specific sites of the alimentary canal (AC), measured as 3MI portal net appearance (PNA). Faeces were collected once a day while portal, hepatic and jugular vein as well as arterial blood were collected during the experiments lasting 300 min. Portal blood flow was recorded by ultrasonic blood flow probes. The BW of the pigs averaged 73 to 89 kg at the beginning and end of the experiments. All pigs on the untreated control treatment absorbed 3MI from the AC. Faecal 3MI concentrations did not differ between control and 3MI-treated pigs. On the other hand, an evident difference was observed in the PNA between the controls with an average of 11.2 mg 3MI (300 min) -1 and 3MI-treated animals varying from 23.9 to 308 mg 3MI (300 min) -1 . After application of 3MI, the net absorption from the AC to the portal blood plasma increased up to 147 times. Depending on the site of administration and the dosage application, plasma peak values of 3MI occurred within the first 30 min after the challenge. Within the doses of 1 to 10 mg 3MI (kg BW) -1 , no absorption plateau was to be reached. The observed rapid absorption of 3MI leads to the assumption that the mechanism is mainly by passive diffusion. Intravenous 3MI injections indicated diffusion from the blood circulation to the intestinal lumen. The site of administering exogenous 3MI was of less importance for the PNA than the dosage applied. This implies that the permeability for 3MI along the AC is identical, no matter where it is introduced. Results indicate a proportional relation between the 3MI dosage administered and the PNA. Finally, it was observed that a) pigs with high (pre-experimental) initial PNAs subsequently also absorbed more 3MI after challenges of additional 3MI, expressed as PNAs; and b) pigs with increasing BW exhibited higher PNAs, indicating a rise of 3MI absorption with advancing age. Le 3MI est la substance principale responsable de l'expression de l'odeur sexuelle dans les carcasses de porcs. Onze jeunes verrats entiers portant de multiples cathéters ainsi qu'une fistule caecale étaient utilisés pour examiner les effets d'injections tests de 1, 5 et de 10 mg de 3-méthylindole par kilo de poids corporel (PC) sur l'absorption quantitative nette dans différentes parties du tractus digestif (TD) mesurée d'après le taux d'apparition net de 3MI dans le plasma sanguin de la veine porte (ANP). Les fèces étaient prélev...

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Parallel measurements of indole and skatole (3-methylindole) in feces and blood plasma of pigs by HPLC

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of cereal type and enzyme supplementation on carcass characteristics, volatile fatty acids and intestinal microflora and boar taint in entire male pigs

The effect of cereal type and enzyme supplementation on carcass characteristics, volatile fatty acids and intestinal microflora and boar taint in entire male pigs

Spatial variation of intestinal skatole production and microbial community in Jinhua and Landrace pigs

The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs

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