Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Reid, Joan A.; Loughran, Thomas A.

doi:10.1002/cbm.2108

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Overall, of the reported prevalence rates, witnessing community violence was the most prominent form of exposure across developmental stages. Study findings generally demonstrated trends of higher rates of witnessing and victimization as the average participant age increased, except for one study that suggested exposure rates decreased over time for Latinx youth (Reid & Loughran, 2019). Reported exposure types included witnessing violence with a deadly weapon, physical assaults or fights, robberies or muggings, and gang fights; a less common but still notable reported exposure was witnessing someone being killed with a weapon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth

Santacrose

Kia‐Keating

Lucio

2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Community violence exposure poses a public health risk exacerbated by immigration‐related stressors and environmental factors, including systemic racism and interpersonal discrimination, socioeconomic disparities, and anti‐immigrant laws and policies, that disproportionately impact Latinx‐immigrant and systematically minoritized youth. Using the ecological–transactional model of community violence as a conceptual framework, this systematic review was conducted to examine research on exposure to community violence, risk and protective factors, and associated health and mental health sequelae among Latinx youth. The initial search generated 2,152 articles, 291 of which were reviewed for detailed evaluation; ultimately, 59 articles were included. Mexican‐origin youth and adolescent samples were the most represented in research studies. Across several studies, Latinx youth reported high rates of violence exposure and poor health or mental health outcomes. The findings revealed important gaps in socioecological factors, with a dearth of evidence establishing macrosystem factors or culturally salient and immigrant‐related factors. Notable risk and protective factors at various ecological levels were identified and discussed as key opportunities for future research and points of intervention or prevention efforts for Latinx‐immigrant and systematically minoritized youth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth

Santacrose

Kia‐Keating

Lucio

2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…These study findings support the propositions of General Strain Theory predicting that strain impacts negative emotions, which in turn, decreases youth’s ability to control antisocial behavior (Agnew & Brezina, 2019). Experiencing multiple, chronic, or prolonged adversity, compounded by COVID-19, is likely to cause youth difficulty in modulating their emotions resulting in increased antisocial behavior (Reid & Loughran, 2019, 2021; Van der Kolk, 2005). Disproportionately high levels of strain in the form of ACEs experienced by justice-involved youth (Baglivio et al, 2014)—now exacerbated by COVID-19 conditions—necessitates a trauma-informed approach designed to address the intersection between COVID-19, ACEs, and health disparities (Sonu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of COVID-19’s Impact on Psychological Distress and Antisocial Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth

Reid

Chenneville

Gardy

et al. 2021

Crime & Delinquency

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Little is known about how justice-involved youth are coping with stress related to COVID-19. This study examined changes in psychological distress and antisocial behavior indicators among 557 youths on probation who completed two assessments during pre-COVID-19 conditions and two assessments during post-COVID-19 conditions. Drawing from Agnew’s General Strain Theory, the study used multivariate latent growth models to examine: (a) changes in psychological distress and antisocial behavior over time, (b) the associations of the changes, and (c) differences across sex, race, and ethnicity regarding changes in psychological distress. In support of General Strain Theory, results highlight that indicators of psychological distress and antisocial behavior increased during post-COVID-19 conditions when compared to pre-COVID-19 conditions for the full sample and for subsamples of youth categorized by sex, race, and ethnicity.

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“…Children and youth exposed to violence also have an increased risk of developing aggressive attitudes, engaging in drug and alcohol abuse, or committing suicide and violence (Reid 2018). The long-term, detrimental effects of ETV during childhood and adolescence have been substantiated by large bodies of research from various fields (e.g., Perepletchikova and Kaufman 2010;Piquero et al 2006;Putnam 2006;Reid and Loughran 2019a). Specific to this study, Farrell and Zimmerman (2017) found that contemporaneous and acute ETV was significantly related to long-term future violent offending.…”

Section: Exposure To Violencementioning

confidence: 71%

Variation in Exposure to Violence in Early Adolescence Distinguishes between Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among Young Men Involved in the Justice System

et al. 2020

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Early exposure to violence (ETV) has been repeatedly linked to violence in intimate relationships later in life. However, this association has rarely been explored among young men involved in the justice system, a group that is of significant policy concern. Methods. Drawing from four waves of data collected from 808 young men with histories of serious offending, this study examined rates of physical and emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration. Next, the rates of IPV victimization-perpetration overlap were examined. Lastly, the associations between IPV in young adulthood and ETV in early adolescence were explored using standard difference-in-means tests. Findings show that victimization and perpetration of emotional IPV are common experiences among the men. Seventy-three percent of the sample report emotional IPV victimization and 70% report emotional IPV perpetration. Physical IPV is less common than emotional IPV with 44% of young men reporting being victims of physical IPV and 29% reporting perpetration of physical IPV. Strong linkages were observed between IPV victimization and IPV perpetration. Lastly, associations exist between exposure to violence as a witness or a victim and both emotional and physical IPV victimization and perpetration. IPV involvement as a victim and/or perpetrator is more common than not among young men involved in the justice system. Both emotional and physical forms of IPV are associated with witnessing and experiencing violence during adolescence. Intervention during adolescence is critical to avoid IPV during young adulthood.

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Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth

A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth

An Exploratory Study of COVID-19’s Impact on Psychological Distress and Antisocial Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth

Variation in Exposure to Violence in Early Adolescence Distinguishes between Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among Young Men Involved in the Justice System

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