In order to reduce the impact of environmental vibration on building structures and precision instruments, we need to analyze and study the propagation characteristics of various vibrations in soil and structures. In this paper, taking the vibration problem of the teaching building of Chaoyang Campus of Jilin University in Changchun, China as an engineering example, the LVIB-15 portable servo controllable vibration source is used for vibration excitation, and then the different positions of the building structure and the surrounding soil are carried out on-site by testing instruments. Acquisition and analysis of dynamic characteristics, and then analysis on the basis of actual measurement data on the spot, it is concluded that: under vertical single-point simple harmonic excitation, the vertical vibration velocity of each position in each working condition is greater than the horizontal vibration velocity. In the propagation test, the farther the vibration source is from the structure, the smaller the dynamic response of the structure is. The peak values of the vertical and horizontal vibration velocities of each measuring point decay rapidly in the lower floors, and the peak values of the vertical vibration velocities gradually decay in the subsequent propagation, while the peak value of horizontal vibration velocity has a relatively slow increase in the process of propagating to high floors. From the vibration propagation test in the field, it can be known that with the increase of the distance from the vibration source, the peak values of the vertical and horizontal vibration velocities decrease continuously, the near-field attenuation is fast, and the far-field attenuation is slow. The vibration response is also related to the excitation force of the vibration source.The greater the applied force, the greater the vibration response. The vibration response of each point in winter is lower than that in summer.