Parametric sensitivity in transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production—A review

Banerjee, Atanu; Chakraborty, Rajat

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.003

Cited by 175 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A free fatty acid is one that has already been separated from the glycerol molecule when the feedstock has been in repeated use (Leung et al, 2010;ISTC, 2007). (Mittelbach and Trathnigg, 2006) Thus, there is a need to pretreat FFA's before the transesterification using one of the following methods: (a) acid esterification (b) ion exchange resins and (c) extraction with alcohol (Turkay and Civelekoglu, 1991;Ozbay et al, 2008;Banerjee and Chakraborty, 2009). Allowable FFA's content in the feedstock is lower than 2.5% wt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: Review

Ghaly¹,

Dave²,

Brooks³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

224

108

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Problem Statement:The research on the production of biodiesel has increased significantly in recent years because of the need for an alternative fuel which endows with biodegradability, low toxicity and renewability. Plant oils, animal fats, microalgal oils and waste products such as animal rendering, fish processing waste and cooking oils have been employed as feedstocks for biodiesel production. In order to design an economically and environmentally sustainable biodiesel production process, a proper understanding of the factors affecting the process and their relative importance is necessary. Approach: A comprehensive review of the literature on the subject of biodiesel production was carried out. Traditionally biodiesel has been produced using either acid or base catalysts. The multi-step purification of end products, wastewater treatment and energy demand of the conventional process has lead to search for alternative option for production of biodiesel. The use the enzyme lipase as a biocatalyst for the transesterification reaction step in biodiesel production has been extensively investigated. Lipase is produced by all living organisms and can be used intracellularly or extracellularly. Conclusion: To date, the most popular microbes used for their lipases have been filamentous fungi and recombinant bacteria. A summary of lipases used in transesterification and their optimum operating conditions is provided. In addition to the choice of lipase employed, factors which make the transesterification process feasible and ready for commercialization are: enzyme modification, the selection of feedstock and alcohol, use of common solvents, pretreatment of the lipase, alcohol to oil molar ratio, water activity/content and reaction temperature. Optimization of these parameters is necessary in order toreduce the cost of biodiesel production. Use of no/low cost waste materials as feedstocks will have double environmental benefits by reducing the environmental pollution potential of the wastes and producing an environmentally friendly fuel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: Review

Ghaly¹,

Dave²,

Brooks³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

224

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Transesterification reaction involves a TG reaction with a short-chain monohydric alcohol normally in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature to form FAME and glycerol (Banerjee and Chakraborty, 2009;Moser, 2009;Zabeti et al, 2009;Al-Widyan and Al-Shyoukh, 2002). The conversion of TG to biodiesel is a stepwise process whereby the alcohol initially reacts with TG as the alkoxide anion to produce FAME and DG, which reacts further with alcohol (alkoxide) to liberate another molecule of FAME and generate MG. Lastly, MG undergoes alcoholysis to yield glycerol and FAME, with the combined FAME collectively known as biodiesel Typically, three moles of biodiesel and one mole of glycerol are produced for every mole of TG that undergoes complete conversion.…”

Section: Alkalis Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

Sylvester¹,

Elijah²

2013

GJBS

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Nigeria has joined the league of countries seeking for alternatives to fossil fuels. Biofuel has emerged as a credible alternative and blend stock for the dwindling petroleum resources. Nigeria is committed to blending biodiesel with petrodiesel up to 20%. This paper evaluates the challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria. The study found that biodiesel production in Nigeria could be challenged by feedstock supply shortages, poor quality of the feedstock, technological challenges and poor policy framework. Oil palm in Nigeria is mostly processed by smallholders, producing oils of low quality due to high free fatty acid (FFA), moisture and impurities above limits for biodiesel production. Pretreatment techniques, which are used to upgrade the oil, could increase the cost of the resultant biodiesel. Because of the poor quality of the feedstock, enzymatic transesterification is a more feasible method for biodiesel production. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of inedible oil as feedstock, production of lipase for enzymatic transesterification and upgrading the Nigerian policy and incentives.

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“…Therefore, it is inevitable to explore new raw materials but economically viable feedstocks as alternatives to edible vegetable oils in order to reduce the biodiesel price without competing with food production [6][7][8]. Attention has been focussed on the non-edible oils and on the used frying oils which are renewable as well as easily available [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FFA Adsorption from Waste Oils or Non-Edible Oils onto an Anion-Exchange Resin as Alternative Method to Esterification Reaction Prior to Transesterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production

Díaz¹,

Brito²

2016

J Adv Chem Eng

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Biodiesel is an alternative source of energy in diesel engines in its neat form or as a blend with conventional diesel fuel. The raw feedstock costs represent a lot of the overall biodiesel production cost. Therefore, the employment of waste oils or non-edible oils (which do not compete with edible oils) as feedstock for biodiesel production are presented as the best alternative. However, the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) in these oils is undesirable for biodiesel production due to the transesterification reaction performance is reduced. Hence, in this paper, the adsorption as treatment for reducing or removing FFA from oils prior to transesterification reaction for biodiesel production is examined using a strong anion-exchange resin in order to avoid esterification reaction employed commonly prior to transesterification reaction. Journal of Advanced Chemical Engineering

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Parametric sensitivity in transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production—A review

Cited by 175 publications

References 41 publications

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: Review

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification: Review

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

FFA Adsorption from Waste Oils or Non-Edible Oils onto an Anion-Exchange Resin as Alternative Method to Esterification Reaction Prior to Transesterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production

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