Paranormal Beliefs and the Barnum Effect

Tobacyk, Jerome; Milford, Gary; Springer, Thomas P.; Tobacyk, Zofia

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5204_13

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Only one study to date (Claridge, Clark, Powney, & Hassan, 2008) has investigated whether individual differences in schizotypy relate to the size of the tendency, though other studies have reported that believers in astrology and paranormal phenomena are more susceptible (Tabacyk, Milford, Springer, & Tabacyk, 1988). Claridge et al (2008) found the positive symptom-like experiences of schizotypy to predict the size of the Barnum effect as measured by a 'random' positive statement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Mason

Budge

2011

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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confidence: 99%

Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Mason

Budge

2011

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…In an individual studies by Murphy (1982), and Mitchell (1973) it was observed that blacks people have a higher belief in an aspect of paranormal (precognition) than did whites people. These researchers also noted in a sample of university students that, blacks showed stronger belief than Whites in spiritualism, superstitions, and witchcraft, Tobacyk, (1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The term paranormal belief is used to describe phenomena which if authentic, but violate the basic principles of science (Broad, 1953;Tobacyk, 1988). Paranormal phenomena are associated with myths and rituals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Paranormal beliefs on Psychopathology in a CrossCultural Society

Adebayo¹

2013

IOSR-JHSS

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“…read or hear the same thing often enough, sooner or later they begin to believe what they hear or read, whether it is true or not. This is an example of the Forer effect or "acceptance phenomenon," which describes the general tendency of humans "to accept almost any bogus personality feedback" (35).…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Whether we know it or not, our educational perceptions and decisions are shaped by “race”

Johnson

Lujan

DiCarlo

2017

Advances in Physiology Education

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RACE IS A SENSITIVE SUBJECT to most people. Most people think that, because they do not intentionally judge people on their race, they never do. However, everyone has been socialized, in one way or another, to judge people based on race. Often, we do not realize how implicitly held attitudes about race shape the decisions we make. Accordingly, it is of great value to discuss how implicit biases about group membership undermines our judgment. Once we start to discuss these issues, we can begin to see why racial stigmas exist and what we can do as individuals and together as a society to break through this problem.Perception involves the identification and interpretation of sensory information. However, processing sensory input is influenced by our expectations, knowledge, experience, and subjectivity. This processing happens outside of conscious awareness. As an example, please look at Fig. 1, do you see a young or an old woman (36)? What you see depends on your perspective, on the way your motivations, desires, and fears shape the way you interpret the information, and clues presented in the picture (3,4,15,19,38). Some of the information or clues are familiar and support your motivations so you shape them into a context you want to see. Other information or clues are unfamiliar and fail to satisfy your motivations or desires, so you choose to ignore them (22). In this context, perspective and motivation are everything, especially when it comes to interpreting situations. This example also illustrates that our interpretation may be different from the interpretation of others, although all interpretations may be equally valid.This may be analogous to the way we respond to a referee's call against our team. In this situation, we are highly motivated to point out why the referee is wrong. We are prone to attack the referee and defend our team. However, a referee's call against our opponent is enthusiastically endorsed. The response is rooted in emotions like tribalism and defensiveness (12). Tribalism can override reason and morality. If you doubt that tribalism can override reason and morality, consider the denial of basic scientific truths such as evolution or climate change when they challenge tribal beliefs. Or consider the long record of Catholic Church authorities denying evidence of child abuse by a small number of priests (24, 30). It is not just sports, science, politics, or religion; we identify ourselves as

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Paranormal Beliefs and the Barnum Effect

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Influence of Paranormal beliefs on Psychopathology in a CrossCultural Society

Whether we know it or not, our educational perceptions and decisions are shaped by “race”

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