Paraquat tolerant Lolium perenne L.: effects of paraquat on germinating seedlings

Abstract

A fullivar of tMlium perenne L. (Causeway) selected for tolerance lo Ibliar-applied paraquat was shown also lo be loierant at seed germination and establishment.When seeds were germinated in paraquat solutions 11. 3. 9, 27 ppm). Causeway was more than ten times as tolerant as a normal cultivar of /., perenne.When germination and survival were studied in a soil which had been sprayed with paraquat (00, 0-3. 09, 2-7 kg/ha) berore sowing, Causeway was nearly three times as tolerant as a normal cultivar. Holcus lanatus L. was about equal to normal /.. perenne. but Poa tririalis L. was less tolerant. Phytotoxicity was greater in a lO-S",, organic than a 4-8% organic soil.It is concluded that ihe mechanism ol" paraquat tolerance operates in the non-photosynthetic tissues of germinating seedlings as well as in ihe photosyntheiic tissues of older plants, although the degree of tolerance varies according to the mode and stage of application of the herbicide. There might be advantages in using a paraquat tolerani cullivar of /,. perenne when direci drilling grass after sward destruction by paraquat, Vn Lolium perenne resistant au paraquat.-effets du paraquat sur des plantules a la germinationUn cultivar de Lolium perenne L. (Causeway), choisi pour sa resistance au paraquat en iraitemeni foliaire, s'est revele resisiant a la germination et a Timpiantalion.Lorsque ses semences onl eie mises a germer dans des solutions de paraquat (I, 3. 9. 27 ppm). Causeway s'est montre presque trois fois plus resistant qu'un cultivar normal. Holcus lantitus L, s'est comporte a peu pres comme un L. perenne normal, mais Poa trivialis s'est montre moins resistant. La phytotoxicite a ete plus forte dans un sol a 10.5",, de matiere organique que dans un .so! a 4,8"n. 11 est conclu que le mecanisme dc la resistance au paraquat fonctionne dans les tissus non phoiosynihetiques des planlules a la germination aussi bien que dans les tissus photosynthetiques des planles plus agees, cependani que le degre de resistance varie suivanl le mode et le stade d'application de I'herbicide. II pourrait etre avantageux d'utiliser un cultivar resistant de L. perenne lorsqu'on procede a un semis direci apres destruction de la prairie au paraquai. 0043-1737/81,'O20O-0O29SO2.00 :£, 1981 European Weed Research Society Die a''irkung von Paraquat auf keimende SdmlingeMit der Lolium perenne (L.)-SoTle Causeway, die auf Tolerant gegen blatlapliweries Paraquat selektiert wurde. konnte gezeigt werden, dass sie wahrend der Keimung und bei der weiteren Entwicklung tolerant ist.Wenn Samen in Paraquatlosungen von \, }.9 und 27 ppm gekeimt wurden. war Causeway mehr als zehnmal unempfindiicher als iibliche L. perenne-Sonen.Wurde die Keimung und die Oberlebensfahigkeit itn Boden. der mit 0. 0.3. 0.9 und 2,7 kg Paraquat/ha vor der Saai behandell worden war untersucht, dann war Causeway fast dreimal so tolerant wie eine iibliche Sorte. Holcus lanaius L. verhielt sich etwa wie L. perenne. aber Poa trivialis L. war weniger tolerant. Die phytotoxische Wirkung war in einem Boden mit 10...

The effects of paraquat and glyphosate residues in sprayed herbage on the development of seedlings of a normal and a paraquat‐tolerant variety of Lolium perenne

“…of paraquat than Barlenna at 0-5 kg ha~'-a factor of nine between the dosages. This margin of tolerance was greater than that found in most previous experiments in which resistant and susceptible varieties were compared (Faulkner, 1975;Harvey <?r a/., 1978;Faulkner and Harvey, 1981). Since direct drilling into paraquat-sprayed swards is frequently, but not invariably, successful at establishing new grass swards, the rates of paraquat used are probably marginal in their residual effects on grass seedlings.…”

“…Not only would this practice ensure more complete sward destruction but it might also help to suppress the germination of volunteer grasses, such as Poa spp., which are particularly inclined to invade direct drilled ryegrass swards. Seedlings of P. trivialis (Faulkner and Harvey, 1981) and P. pratensis (Appleby and Brenchley, 1968;Stecko, 1974) are known to be very susceptible to paraquat in the soil, although there seems to be no direct information on the susceptibility of P. annua.…”

“…Causeway is a variety of Lolium perenne L. bred for paraquat tolerance. It has been found that the difference in tolerance between Causeway and other varieties was about sixfold when paraquat was applied as a foliar spray (Faulkner, 1975) and more than tenfold for seedlings germinating in hydroponic solution, but only about threefold when seeds were germinated in paraquat-contaminated soil (Faulkner and Harvey, 1981). Since in field practice grass seedlings which have been direct drilled after herbicide treatment are as likely to encounter paraquat contamination in herbage or trash as in soil, an investigation was made of the relative susceptibilities of Causeway and a normal variety of L. perenne to paraquat residues in dying herbage.…”

Effects of Yield and the Grape Growth each of Weed Control Methods on at the Vineyard in Chungbuk Province

“…Bayer code name. (Hickok and Schwarz, 1986;Faulkner and Harvey, 1981;Tanaka et al, 1986 Mean separation within columns by Duncan's multiple range test at P < 0.05%. …”