Parasite diversity and ecology in a model species, the guppy (
            <i>Poecilia reticulata</i>
            ) in Trinidad

Mohammed, Ryan S.; King, Stanley D.; Bentzen, Paul; Marcogliese, David J.; Oosterhout, Cock van; Lighten, Jackie

doi:10.1098/rsos.191112

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Each population average for a given site+year was one data point in these analyses. For % time shoaling ( 22estimates, 4 rivers) [61][62][63][64] and prevalence (107 estimates, 11 rivers) 30,32,33,43,57,65,66 , we used a generalized linear mixed model beta regression with a logit link. For host density (23 estimates, 4 rivers) [67][68][69][70][71] , we used a linear mixed model.…”

Section: Analysis Of Shoaling Rate Prevalence and Host Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social hosts evade predation but have deadlier parasites

Walsman

Janecka

Clark

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Parasites exploit hosts to replicate and transmit, but overexploitation kills both host and parasite: parasite virulence evolves to balance these costs and benefits. Predators can in theory shift this balance by consuming hosts. However, the non-consumptive effects of predators may be as important as their consumptive effects. Here, we use an eco-coevolutionary model to show that predators select for host grouping, a common anti-predator, defensive social behaviour. Host grouping simultaneously increases parasite transmission, thus within-host parasite competition, and therefore favours more exploitative, virulent, parasites. When parametrized with data from the guppy-Gyrodactylus spp. system, including our experimentally demonstrated trade-off between virulence and transmission, our model accurately predicted the common garden-assayed virulence of 18 parasite lines collected from four Trinidadian guppy populations under different predation regimes. The quantitative match between theory and data lends credence to the model insight that the non-consumptive, social behaviour pathway is entirely responsible for the observed increase in virulence with predation pressure. Our results indicate that parasites play an important, underappreciated role in guppy evolutionary ecology. Moreover, group living is a common anti-predator defence and our general model accommodates host-parasite interactions across taxa: its insight into the interactions among predation, sociality, and virulence evolution may apply broadly. Our results additionally suggest that social distancing, by reducing host-host contact, can select for less virulent parasites and pathogens.

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Section: Analysis Of Shoaling Rate Prevalence and Host Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social hosts evade predation but have deadlier parasites

Walsman

Janecka

Clark

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The interactions between the guppy and its directly transmitted ectoparasites, Gyrodactylus turnbulli and G. bullatarudis, have also received some research attention (Cable and van Oosterhout 2007;Martin and Johnsen 2007;Fraser and Neff 2009;Fraser et al 2010;Gotanda et al 2013;Stephenson et al 2015a, b;Xavier et a. 2015;Mohammed et al 2020), and molecular genetic tools provide new and rare opportunities to investigate parasite response to host social behavior (Konczal et al 2020(Konczal et al , 2021. Gyrodactylid reproduction in the wild is complex, which presents opportunity for future study (Shelkle et al 2012).…”

Section: Water Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does host social behavior drive parasite non-selective evolution from the within-host to the landscape-scale?

Janecka

Rovenolt

Stephenson

2021

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Social interactions with conspecifics are key to the fitness of most animals and, through the transmission opportunities they provide, are also key to the fitness of their parasites. As a result, research to date has largely focused on the role of host social behavior in imposing selection on parasites, particularly their virulence and transmission phenotypes. However, host social behavior also influences the distribution of parasites among hosts, with implications for their evolution through non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift, and thus ability to respond to that selection. Here, we review the paucity of empirical studies on parasites, and draw from empirical studies of free-living organisms and population genetic theory to propose several mechanisms by which host social behavior potentially drives parasite evolution through these less-well studied mechanisms. We focus on the guppy host and Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) ectoparasitic flatworm system and follow a spatially hierarchical outline to highlight that social behavior varies between individuals, and between host populations across the landscape, generating a mosaic of ecological and evolutionary outcomes for their infecting parasites. We argue that the guppy-Gyrodactylus system presents a unique opportunity to address this fundamental knowledge gap in our understanding of the connection between host social behavior and parasite evolution. Individual differences in host social behavior generates fine-scale changes in the spatial distribution of parasite genotypes, shape the size, and diversity of their infecting parasite populations and may generate non-random mating on, and non-random transmission between hosts. While at population and metapopulation level, variation in host social behavior interacts with landscape structure to affect parasite gene flow, effective population size, and genetic drift to alter the coevolutionary potential of local adaptation. Significance statementSocial interactions between animals shape the evolution of the pathogens that infect them. Most research exploring this phenomenon has focused on the selection such interactions impose, but social hosts also shape parasite evolution by determining the ability of their parasites to respond to that selection. Here, we explore how host social behavior drives parasite evolution by shaping non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift, from the scale of the individual to the landscape. The relative strength of these evolutionary mechanisms can have striking implications for the evolution of parasite traits such as virulence and alter the evolutionary trajectories of populations across the landscape. We emphasize the importance of studies combining parasite population genetics, host social behavior, and landscape processes to illuminate complex host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics.

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“…Mohammed et al . (2020) reported metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum from the guppy Poe. reticulata in its native range (Trinidad).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First integrative study of the diversity and specificity of metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 from native and introduced fishes in the Caribbean

2022

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Metacercariae of the genus Posthodiplostomum are often recorded in freshwater fish hosts. While the diversity and taxonomy of this genus are receiving increasing attention in molecular phylogenetic studies, available data remain geographically biased. Most molecular studies of Posthodiplostomum and morphologically similar (neascus) worms originate in North America and Europe and Asia (more than 60% of DNA sequences are from USA and Canada), with few data currently available from the Neotropics, where high host diversity suggests high and under-sampled parasite diversity. In this study, we report molecular and morphological data from metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum in fish in Puerto Rico, where only a single species has been previously reported. Partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 from metacercariae from Dajaus monticola (native to Puerto Rico) and the introduced fishes Poecilia reticulata, Parachromis managuensis, Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides revealed 7 genetically distinct species-level lineages, of which 4 were novel. We report novel molecular life-cycle linkages in Posthodiplostomum macrocotyle (metacercariae in muscle of the cichlid Pa. managuensis), a species previously known only from adults in birds from South America; and in Posthodiplostomum sp. 23 (metacercariae in poeciliids), which has recently been found in Ardea herodias in Georgia, USA. We also report the first molecular data from Posthodiplostomum sp. 8 in M. salmoides in the Caribbean. Metacercariae of most species were morphologically distinguished and all displayed narrow specificity for fish hosts, with no indication of parasite sharing among introduced and native fishes.

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Parasite diversity and ecology in a model species, the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) in Trinidad

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Social hosts evade predation but have deadlier parasites

Social hosts evade predation but have deadlier parasites

How does host social behavior drive parasite non-selective evolution from the within-host to the landscape-scale?

First integrative study of the diversity and specificity of metacercariae of Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 from native and introduced fishes in the Caribbean

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