Parasite management in translocations: lessons from a threatened New Zealand bird

Ewen, John G.; Armstrong, Doug P.; Empson, Raewyn; Jack, Sandra; Makan, Troy; McInnes, Kate; Parker, Kevin A.; Richardson, Kate; Alley, M.R.

doi:10.1017/s0030605311001281

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The overall Salmonella test prevalences from the four sites concur with previous New Zealand studies (Gartrell et al 2007;Middleton et al 2010;Ewen et al 2012b) and are very low compared to other countries (Cambre et al 1980;Parsons et al 2010;Chambers 2011;Hoelzer & Wiedmann 2011). Therefore, it is unsurprising that the reptiles and birds had similar results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Detection ofSalmonelladuring the translocation of two endemic New Zealand lizard species within the Hauraki Gulf

Baling

Gartrell

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Multiple species translocations to the same site are becoming common practice in New Zealand restoration programmes. With every new translocation, the risk of parasite transmission between populations can increase. The translocation of Hoplodactylus duvaucelii and Oligosoma smithi provided the opportunity to 1) test for Salmonella and Cryptosporidium occurrences; and 2) compare this Salmonella test prevalence with results from avian translocations at one release site, Tiritiri Matangi Island. Of the six reptile species tested, three skinks (O. aeneum, O. moco and O. smithi) and one gecko (Woodworthia maculatus) tested positive for Salmonella (n 0274). This is the first record of Salmonella enterica subspecies IV 40:g,t:-in New Zealand reptiles. Test prevalences between reptiles and birds were similar, suggesting that Salmonella prevalence may be naturally low in the areas sampled.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Detection ofSalmonelladuring the translocation of two endemic New Zealand lizard species within the Hauraki Gulf

Baling

Gartrell

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…In fact, parasitic infections can reduce host survival after release, being an important limiting factor for reintroduction programs (Mathews et al, 2006). Consequently, birds infected by haemosporidians may not be eligible for translocation, as recommended in the conservation program of hihis (Notiomystis cincta) in New Zealand (Ewen et al, 2012). On the other hand, Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) infected by Haemoproteus nucleocondensus survived after being translocated to new islands in the western Indian Ocean , with some individuals suppressing the infection (Hammers et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preventive treatment against prevalent parasites can be applied before the release of infected birds (Ewen et al, 2012) and this measure can be considered for infected…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious diseases may compromise such programs by reducing longevity and reproduction of captive animals (Sainsbury and Vaughan-Higgins, 2012) and by excluding animals from reintroduction (Ewen et al, 2012). To comply with international guidelines (IUCN, 2009), health assessments were conducted to identify hazards to captive populations of Black-fronted Piping-guans participating in reintroduction programs, revealing infections by mites, helminths and haemosporidian parasites Motta et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemoproteus paraortalidum n. sp. in captive Black-fronted Piping-guans Aburria jacutinga (Galliformes, Cracidae): high prevalence in a population reintroduced into the wild

Ferreira

Dutra

Martins

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Haemosporidian parasites of the genus Haemoproteus are widespread and can cause disease and even mortality in birds under natural and captive conditions. The Blackfronted Piping-guan (Aburria jacutinga) is an endangered Neotropical bird of the Cracidae (Galliformes) going through a reintroduction program to avoid extinction. We used microscopic examination and partial cytochrome b DNA sequencing to describe a new Haemoproteus species infecting Black-fronted Piping-guans bred and raised in captivity that were reintroduced into the Atlantic rainforest. Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) paraortalidum n. sp. was detected in the blood of 19 out of 29 examined birds. The new species is distinguished from other haemoproteids due to the shape of gametocytes, which have pointed ends in young stages, and due to the presence of vacuole-like unstained spaces in macrogametocytes and numerous volutin granules both in macro-and microgametocytes. Illustrations of the new species are provided. Phylogenetic inference positioned this parasite in the Parahaemoproteus subgenus clade together with the other two Haemoproteus genetic lineages detected in cracids up to date. We discuss possible implications of the reintroduction of birds infected with haemosporidian parasites into de wild. Treatment of Haemoproteus infections remains insufficiently studied, but should be considered for infected birds before reintroduction to improve host reproductive and survival rates after release.

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“…On 27 th – 28 th March, 40 hihi were caught in mist nets or at feeding stations at the source site using a standard catching technique for this population. After capture, each bird was transported individually to be processed immediately for disease screening (Ewen, Armstrong, Empson, et al ., 2012). After processing, each bird was released into one of three pre-existing aviaries which have been used in many translocations from the source site (each measuring approximately 5×3×2.5 metres).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in social groups across reintroductions and effects on post-release survival

Franks

Andrews

Ewen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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18Reintroductions are essential to many conservation programmes, and thus much research has focussed 19 on understanding what determines the success of these translocation interventions. However, while 20 reintroductions disrupt both the abiotic and social environments, there has been less focus on the 21 consequences of social disruption. Therefore, here we investigate if moving familiar social groups may 22 help animals (particularly naïve juveniles) adjust to their new environment and increase the chances of 23 population establishment. We used social network analysis to study changes in group composition and 24 individual sociality across a reintroduction of 40 juvenile hihi (Notiomystis cincta), a threatened New 25Zealand passerine. We collected observations of groups before a translocation to explore whether social 26 behaviour before the reintroduction predicted associations after, and whether reintroduction influenced 27 individual sociality (degree). We also assessed whether grouping familiar birds during temporary 28 captivity in aviaries maintained group structure and individual sociality, compared to our normal 29 translocation method (aviaries of random familiarity). Following release, we measured if survival 30 depended on how individual sociality had changed. By comparing these analyses with birds that 31 remained at the source site, we found that translocation lead to re-assortment of groups: non-32 translocated birds maintained their groups, but translocated juveniles formed groups with both familiar 33 and unfamiliar birds. Aviary holding did not improve group cohesion; instead, juveniles were less likely 34 to associate with aviary-mates. Finally, we found that translocated juveniles that lost the most associates 35 experienced a small but significant tendency for higher mortality. This suggests sociality loss may have 36 represented a disruption that affected their ability to adapt to a new site. 37 65 (Blanchet, Clobert and Danchin, 2010; Pinter-Wollman et al., 2013). 67To understand how group structure and familiarity impacts on translocation success, we therefore first 68 need to determine if groups remain together when they are moved to a new site. One challenge in wild 69 animal groups is there may be limited knowledge of familiarity before translocation. For example, studies 70 in New Zealand bird species (tīeke/saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater; toutouwai/North 71 Island robin, Petroica longipes) and howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) found that pre-capture 72 familiarity was not maintained over translocation (Armstrong, 1995; Armstrong and Craig, 1995; 73 Richard-Hansen, Vié and De Thoisy, 2000). However, these species are territorial, and the studies also 74 defined familiarity from short-term binary measures (individuals in the same place upon capture were 75 "familiar", versus "non-familiar"). When longer-term measures of familiarity have been used for more 76 social groups (such as families or colonies) there is evidence that group composition remains similar 77 b...

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Parasite management in translocations: lessons from a threatened New Zealand bird

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Detection ofSalmonelladuring the translocation of two endemic New Zealand lizard species within the Hauraki Gulf

Detection ofSalmonelladuring the translocation of two endemic New Zealand lizard species within the Hauraki Gulf

Haemoproteus paraortalidum n. sp. in captive Black-fronted Piping-guans Aburria jacutinga (Galliformes, Cracidae): high prevalence in a population reintroduced into the wild

Changes in social groups across reintroductions and effects on post-release survival

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